Massachusetts Loyalists ************************************************************************ Copyright. All rights reserved. http://www.usgwarchives.org/copyright.htm ************************************************************************ Transcribed by Janice Farnsworth Massachusetts Loyalists in the Revolutionary War. by Lorenzo Sabine, published at Boston, Little, Brown & Company. 1864. Banishment Act of the State of Massachusetts 1778 An Act to prevent the return to this state of certain persons therein named and others who have left this state or either of the United States, and joined the enemies thereof. Whereas: Thomas Hutchinson, Esq., late governor of this state, Francis Bernard, Esq., formerly governor of this state, Thomas Oliver, Esq., late lieutenant governor of this state, Timothy Ruggles, Esq., of Hardwick, in the county of Worcester, William Apthorp, merchant, Gibbs Atkins, cabinet maker, John Atkinson, John Amory, James Anderson, Thomas Apthorp, David Black, William Burton, William Bowes, George Brindley, Robert Blair, Thomas Brindley, James Barrick, merchant, Thomas Brattle, Esq., Sampson Salter Blowers, Esq., James Bruce, merchant, Ebenezer Bridgham, merchant, Alexander Brymer, merchant, Edward Berry, merchant, William Burch, Esq., late commissioner of the customs, Mather Byles, Jun., clerk, William Codner, book-keeper, Edward Cox, merchant, Andrew Cazneau, Esq., barrister at law, Henry Canner, clerk, Thomas Courtney, tailor, Richard Clark, Esq., Isaac Clark, physician, Benjamin Church, physician, John Coffin, distiller, John Clark, physician, William Coffin, Esq., Nathaniel Coffin, Esq., Jonathan Clark, merchant, Archibald Cunningham, shop-keeper, Gilbert Deblois, merchant, Lewis Deblois, merchant, Philip Dumaresque, merchant, Benjamin Davis, merchant, John Erving, Jun., Esq., George Erving, Esq., Edward Foster, Edward Foster, Jun., blacksmiths, Benjamin Faneuil Jun., merchant, Thomas Flucker, Esq., late secretary for Massachusetts Bay, Samuel Fitch, Esq., Wilfret Fisher, carter, James Forrest, merchant, Lewis Gray, merchant, Francis Green, merchant, Joseph Green, Esq., Sylvester Gardiner, Esq., Harrison Gray, Esq., late treasurer of Massachusetts Bay, Harrison Gray, Jun., clerk to the treasurer, Joseph Goldthwait, Esq., Martin Gay, founder, John Gore, Esq., Benjamin Hallowell, Esq., Robert Hallowell, Esq., Thomas Hutchinson, Jun., Esq., Benjamin Gridley, Esq., Frederick William Geyer, merchant, John Greenlaw, shop-keeper, David Green, merchant, Elisha Hutchinson, Esq., James Hall, mariner, Foster Hutchinson, Esq., Benjamin Mulbury Holmes, distiller, Samuel Hodges, book-keeper, Henry Halson, Esq., Hawes Hatch, wharfinger, John Joy, housewright, Peter Johonnot, distiller, William Jackson, merchant, John Jeffries, physician, Henry Laughton, merchant, James Henderson, trader, John Hinston, yeoman, Christopher Hatch, mariner, Robert Jarvis, mariner, Richard Lechmere, Esq., Edward Lyde, merchant, Henry Lloyd Esq., George Leonard, miller, Henry Leddle, book-keeper, Archibald McNeil, baker, Christopher Minot, tide-waiter, James Murray, Esq., William McAlpine, bookbinder, Thomas Mitchell, mariner, William Martin, Esq,. John Knutton, tallow-chandler, Thomas Knight, shop-keeper, Samuel Prince, merchant, Adino Paddock, Esq., Charles Paxon, Esq., Sir William Pepperell, baronet, John Powell, Esq., William Lee Perkins, physician, Nathaniel Perkins, Esq., Samuel Quincy, Esq., Owen Richards, tide-waiter, Samuel Rogers, merchant, Jonathan Simpson, Esq., George Spooner, merchant, Edward Stowe, mariner, Richard Smith, merchant, Jonathan Snelling, Esq., David Silsby, trader, Samuel Sewall, Esq., Abraham Savage, tax-gatherer, Joseph Scott, Esq., Francis Skinner, clerk to the late council, William Simpson, merchant, Richard Sherwin, saddler, Henry Smith, merchant, John Semple, merchant, Robert Semple, merchant, Thomas Selkrig, merchant, James Selkrig, merchant, Robert Service, trader, Simon Tufts, trader, Arodi Thayer, late marshall to the admiralty court, Nathaniel Taylor, deputy naval officer, John Troutbeck, clerk, Gregory Townsend, Esq., William Taylor, merchant, William Vassal, Esq., Joseph Taylor, merchant, Joshua Upham, Esq., William Walter, clerk, Samuel Waterhouse, merchant, Isaac Winslow, jr., merchant, David Willis, mariner, Obadiah Whiston, blacksmith, Archibald Wilson, trader, John White, mariner, William Warden, peruke-maker, Nathaniel Mills, John Hicks, John Howe, John Fleming, printers, all of Boston, in the county of Suffolk, Robert Auchmuty, Esq., Joshua Loring, Esq., both of Roxbury, in the same county, Samuel Goldsbury, yeoman, of Wrentham, in the county of Suffolk, Joshua Loring, jr., merchant, Nathaniel Hatch, Esq., of Dorchester, in the same county, William Brown, Esq., Benjamin Pickman, Esq., Samuel Porter Esq., John Sargeant, trader, all of Salem, in the county of Essex, Richard Saltonstall, Esq., of Haverhill, in the same county, Thomas Robie, trader, Benjamin Marston, merchant, of Marblehead, in said county of Essex, Moses Badger, clerk, of Haverhill, aforesaid, Jonathan Sewall, Esq., John Vassal, Esq., David Phipps, Esq., John Nutting, carpenter, all of Cambridge, in the county of Middlesex, Isaac Royall, Esq., of Medford, in the same county, Henry Barnes, merchant, of Marlborough, in the county of Middlesex, Jeremiah Dummer Rogers, of Littleton in the same county, Esq., Daniel Bliss, of Concord, in the said county of Middlesex, Esq., Charles Russell, of Lincoln, in the same county, physician, Joseph Adams, of Townsend, in the said county of Middlesex, Thomas Danforth, of Charlestown, in said county, Esq., Joshua Smith, trader, of Townsend, in said county, Joseph Ashley, jr., gentleman, of Sunderland, Nathaniel Dickenson, gentleman of Deerfield, Samuel Bliss, shopkeeper, of Greenfield, Roger Dickenson, yeoman, Joshah Pomroy, physician, and Thomas Cutler, gentleman, of Hatfield, Jonathan Bliss, Esq., of Springfield, William Galway, yeoman, of Conway, Elijah Williams, attorney at law, of Deerfield, James Oliver, gentleman, of Conway, all in the county of Hampshire, Pelham Winslow, Esq., Cornelius White, mariner, Edward Winslow, jr., Esq., all of Plymouth, in the county of Plymouth, Peter Oliver, Esq., Peter Oliver, jr., physician, both of Middleborough, in the county of Plymouth, Josiah Edson, Esq., of Bridgewater, in the said county of Plymouth, Lieutenant Daniel Dunbar, of Halifax, in the same county, Charles Curtis, of Scituate, in the said county of Plymouth, gentleman, Nathaniel Ray Thomas, Esq., Israel Tilden, Caleb Carver, Seth Bryant, Benjamin Walker, Gideon Walker, Zera Walker, Adam Hall, tertius, Isaac Joice, Joseph Phillips, Daniel White, jr., Cornelius White, tertius, Melzar Carver, Luke Hall, Thomas Decrow, John Baker, jr., all of Marshfield, in the said county of Plymouth, Gideon White, jr., Daniel Leonard, Esq., Seth Williams, jr., gentleman, Solomon Smith, boatman, all of Taunton, in the county of Bristol, Thomas Gilbert, Esq., Ebenezer Hathaway, jr., Lot Strange, the third, Zebedee Terree, Bradford Gilbert, all of Freetown, in the same county, Joshua Broomer, Shadrach Hathaway, Calvin Hathaway, Luther Hathaway, Henry Tisdel, William Burden, Levi Chase, Shadrach Chase, Richard Holland, Ebenezer Phillips, Samuel Gilbert, gentleman, Thomas Gilbert, jr., yeoman, both of Berkley, in the said county of Bristol, Ammi Chace, Caleb Wheaton, Joshua Wilborne, Lemuel Bourn, gentleman, Thomas Perry, yeoman, David Atkins, laborer, Samuel Perry, mariner, Stephen Perry, laborer, John Blackwell, jr., laborer, Francis Finney, laborer, Nehemiah Webb, mariner, all of Sandwich, in the county of Barnstable, Eldad Tupper, laborer, of Dartmouth, in the county of Bristol, Silas Perry, laborer, Seth Perry, mariner, Elisha Bourn, gentleman, Thomas Bumpus, yeoman, Ephraim Ellis, jr., yeoman, Edward Bourn, gentleman, Nicholas Cobb, laborer, William Bourn, cordwainer, all of Sandwich, in the county of Barnstable, and Seth Bangs, of Harwich, in the county of Barnstable, mariner, John Chandler, Esq., James Putnam, Esq., Rufus Chandler, gentleman, William Paine, physician, Adam Walker, blacksmith, William Chandler, gentleman, all of Worcester, in the county of Worcester, John Walker, gentleman, David Bush, yeoman, both of Shrewsbury, in the same county, Abijah Willard, Esq., Abel Willard, Esq., Joseph House, yeoman, all of Lancaster, in the said county of Worcester, Ebenezer Cutler, trader, James Edgar, yeoman, both of Northbury, in the same county, Daniel Oliver, Esq., Richard Ruggles, yeoman, Gardner Chandler, trader, Joseph Ruggles, gentleman, Nathaniel Ruggles, yeoman, all of Hardwick, in the said county of Worcester, John Ruggles, yeoman, of said Hardwick, John Eager, yeoman, Ebenezer Whipple, Israel Conkay, John Murray, Esq., of Rutland, in said county of Worcester, Daniel Murray, gentleman, Samuel Murray, gentleman, Michael Martin, trader, of Brookfield, in the said county of Worcester, Thomas Beaman, gentleman, of Petersham, in the same county, Nathaniel Chandler, gentleman, John Bowen, gentleman, of Princeton, in the said county of Worcester, James Crage, gentleman, of Oakham, in the same county, Thomas Mullins, blacksmith, of Leominster, in the said county of Worcester, Francis Waldo, Esq., Arthur Savage, Esq., Jeremiah Pote, mariner, Thomas Ross, mariner, James Wildridge, mariner, George Lyde, custom house officer, Robert Pagan, merchant, Thomas Wyer, mariner, Thomas Coulson, merchant, John Wiswall, clerk, Joshua Eldridge, mariner, Thomas Oxnard, merchant, Edward Oxnard, merchant, William Tyng, Esq., John Wright, merchant, Samuel Longfellow, mariner, all of Falmouth, in the county of Cumberland, Charles Callahan, of Pownalborough, in the county of Lincoln, mariner, Jonas Jones, of East Hoosuck, in the county of Berkshire, David Ingersol, of Great Barrington, in the same county, Jonathan Prindall, Benjamin Noble, Francis Noble, Elisha Jones, of Pittsfield, in the said county of Berkshire, John Graves, yeoman, Daniel Brewer, yeoman, both of Pittsfield, aforesaid, Richard Square, of Lanesborough, in the said county of Berkshire, Ephraim Jones, of East Hoosuck, in the same county, Lewis Hubbel. and many others have left this state, or some other of the United States of America, and joined the enemies thereof and of the United States of America, thereby not only depriving these states of their personal services at a time when they ought to have afforded the utmost aid in defending the said states, against the invasions of a cruel enemy, but manifesting an inimical disposition to the said states, and a design, to aid and abet the enemies thereof in their wicked purposes, whereas many dangers may accrue to this state and the United States, if such persons should again reside in this state: Sect. 1. Be it therefore enacted by the Council and House of Representatives, in general court assembled, and by the authority of the same, that if either of the said persons, or any other person, though not specifically named in this act, who have left this state or either of said states, and joined the enemies thereof as aforesaid, shall, after the passing of this act, voluntarily return to this state, it shall be the duty of the sheriff of the county, and of the selectmen, committees of correspondence, safety and inspection, grand jurors, constables, and tythingmen, and other inhabitants of the town wherein such person or persons may presume to come, and they are hereby respectively empowered and directed forthwith to apprehend and carry such person or persons before some justice of the peace within the county, who is hereby required to commit him or them to the common gaol within the county, there in close custody to remain until he shall be sent out of the state, as is hereinafter directed; and such justice is hereby directed to give immediate information thereof to the board of war of this state: and the said board of war are hereby empowered and directed to cause such person or persons so committed, to be transported to some part or place within the dominions, or in the possession of the forces of the king of Great Britain, as soon as may be after receiving such information; those who are able, at their own expense, and others at the expense of this state, and for this purpose to hire a vessel or vessels, if need be. Sect. 2. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that if any person or persons, who shall be transported as aforesaid, shall voluntarily return to this state, without liberty first had and obtained from the general court, he shall, on conviction thereof before the superior court of judicature, court of assize and general gaol delivery, suffer the pain of death without benefit of clergy. Passed, September, 1778. p.7 Rev. Jonathan Leavitt, of Charlemont, Mass., Congregational minister. p.8 Richard Lechmere, of Boston, Mass. An addresser of Hutchinson in 1774; apptd. Mandamus councillor but did not accept. In 1776 he went to Halifax, Nova Scotia with his family of eleven and thence to England. He died in England aged 87 yrs. Joseph Lee, of Cambridge, Mass., Judge of the Common Pleas for Middlesex and Mandamus Councillor; died at Cambridge, Mass. December 1802 aged 93 yrs. Though a Loyalist, he was not warm in his political sentiments and escaped notice from the Sons of Liberty. He grad. Harvard, a memer of the Class of 1729. Joseph Lee of Marblehead, Mass. died at Marblehead in 1785, aged 37 yrs. Samuel Lee of Concord, Mass., born at Boston 1756; grad. Harvard in 1776. During the war he was a merchant at Castine, Maine, which was a British post. He died at Sheciac in 1805 while on his return from Halifax aged 56. Sarah Lee, his widow died at Roxbury, Mass. 1831. p.10 Daniel Leonard of Taunton, Mass. Chief Justice of the Bermudas. Son of Col. Ephraim Leonard who was a zealous Whit. Daniel Leonard grad at Harvard in 1760. Bullets were fired into his house by a mob and he took refuge in Boston. In 1776 with his family of eight, he accompanied the British Army to Halifax. He was included in the Banishment Act of 1778 and in the Con- spiracy Act of 1779. No other lawyer in all Mass., of "whatever age, reputation, rank or station, presumed to ride in a coach or a chariot." Mr. Leonard was in Mass. in 1799 and again in 1808. He died at London, June 1829 aged 89 yrs. His 1st wife was Anna White of Taunton, Mass. and he m. (2) Sarah Hammock. His inheritance of his father passed on to his son, Charles, who abt 1791 entered Harvard Coll. but did not graduate. Harriet, his youngest dau. died at London in 1849 at the age of 75 yrs. George Leonard of Norton, Mass. and historian of Norton, called himself a "neutral" A "Neutral" in the Revolution was a Loyalist. He m. Rachel Clap of Scituate who bore him four children and died 1783 in her 82 yr. George Leonard of Mass., settled at New Brunswick in 1783 & was apptd one of the agents of Government to locate lands granted to Loyalists and was soon after made a member of the Council and commissioned as a Colonel in the militia. He died at Sussex Vale in 1826 at an old age. Sarah, his wife preceded him in death a year, aged 81. His dau. Caroline Leonard m. M. Jarvis, Esq in 1805 and his dau. Maria m. Lieut. Gustavas R. H. M. Rochfort of the Royal Navy, in 1814. His son Col. Richard Leonard of the 104th Regt. of the British Army & Sheriff of the District of Niagara, died at Lundy's Lane, Upper Canada in 1833. p.16 Theophilus Lillie, a merchant of Boston. He was one of those denounced as "Importers," contrary to the non-importation agreement, made by two hundred and eleven merchants and traders in 1768 and renewed by the principal part of that number in 1770. On Feb 22, of 1770, some persons erected near his store, a large wooden head, fixed on a pole, on which the faces of several "Importers" were carved. p.21 Woodbridge Little, of Pittsfield, Mass., attorney-at-law. Grad. at Yale Coll. in 1760. In 1775 his conduct drew upon him the indignation of the p.22 Whigs and when a hue and cry was raised against him, he fled to New York for safety. He died in 1813. Jonathan Livermore of New Hampshire a Congregational minister was born at Northborough, Mass. in 1739; gread at Harvard in 1760. Ordained at Wilton in 1763. In 1777 he was dismissed from his people in consequence of polit- ical differences. He died at Wilton in 1809 aged 80 yrs. p.23 James Lloyd of Boston, Mass., born on Long Island 1728; educated in Conn.; studied medicine for a time at Boston; attended the London hospitals two years; then returned to Boston in 1752; obtained an extensive practice. He was a moderate Loyalist, and remained in that town while occupied by the British troops, zealously devoted to his profession. In 1789 he went to England. On being told that an allowance would be granted on declaring himself a British subject, he at once declined. He returned to Boston with his integrity and self-respect unimpaired. He died in 1810 aged 82 yrs. His wife, Sarah died in 1797, aged 63. His son, the Hon. James Lloyd was Senator to Congress from Massachusetts. p.24 Henry Lloyd of Boston. Agent of the contractors for supplying the Royal Army; was an addressor of Gage in 1775. In 1776 he went to Halifax and was proscribed and banished in 1778. He died at London, late in 1795 or early 1796 aged 86 yrs. p.27 Joshua Loring, Jr. of Massachusetts. An addresser of Hutchinson in 1774 and of Gage in 1775. One of the last official acts of the latter in Boston was his proclamation of June 7, 1776 appointing Mr. Loring "sole vendue-master and auctioneer." In 1776 he went to Halifax with the Royal Army; and, early the next year, he was apptd Commissary of Prisoners by Sir William Howe. In 1778 he was proscribed and banished. He died in England, in 1789, aged forty-five years. The writers of the Revolutionary time charge him with great cruelties to the unfortunate Whigs of whom he had the care; but it is not easy to ascert- ain the truth, or to determine his personal responsibility in the treatment of prisoners. His wife was Miss Lloyd to whom he was married at the house of Col. Hatch, Dorchester p.28 in 1775; his son, Henry Lloyd Loring died in 1832, the Archdeacon of Calcutta. Benjamin Loring of Boston, Mass., a surgeon. At the peace, accompanied by his family of five persons, and by one servant, he went from New York to Shelburne, Nova Scotia. His losses in consequence of his Loyalty were estimated at £3000. He returned to the United States and died at Boston in 1798, aged 65 yrs. p.30 John Lovell of Boston, grad. at Harvard in 1728. After some years of service as assistant of the South Grammar or Latin School, he was place at the head of it in 1738. He was the master nearly 40 years, and many of the principal Whigs of Mass. had been his pupils. He accompanied the British Army to Halifax at the evacuation of Boston and died at that place in 1778, aged about seventy. He was a good scholar, a rigid disciplinarian, yet humorous and an agreeable companion. His son James Lovell was a Whig, and it is a singular circumstance that the father went to Nova Scotia as a Loyalist, while the son was a prisoner of his protectors and both were at Halifax at the same time. James Lovell after his release, re-turned to Boston and was elected a member of Congress. He was Collector of Boston under the Confederation and afterwards under the present Constitution, Naval Officer of Boston and Charlestown, Mass. He died in that office in 1814 aged seventy six yrs. It is worthy of mention that Master Lovell delivered the first address in the Cradle of Liberty in 1814, ages 76 yrs. p.31 Benjamin Lovell of Boston, Mass. Grad. at Harvard in 1774. He retreated to Halifax and finally to England, where he was settled in the ministry and died there March, 1828 aged 73 years. He was the youngest son of John Lovell. Shubael Lovell of Massachusetts, and, I suppose, of Barnstable. Apprehended and sent to Washington. Colonel Joseph Otis wrote: "Lovell is one we have always looked upon as a Tory, and something busy in the Opposition. He has a large family of small children that want his assistance. I pity the man's folly." Lovell's letter to Capt. Ayscough (of the ship-of-war, Swan), shows that he was a stout Loyalist. In the Council, Dec 18, 1775, ordered that he be sent to Plymouth jail, there to be supported at his own expense. p.35 Byfield Lyde of Boston. Grad. at Harvard in 1723. He was an Addresser of Hutchin- son in 1774 and a Protester against the Whigs the same year, and in 1775, and Addresser of Gage. In 1776 he accompanied the Royal Army to Halifax and died there the same year. Edward Lyde. Merchant of Boston, Mass. Was proscribed and banished in 1778. He died at New York in 1812 aged 76 yrs. George Lyde of Boston, Mass. In 1770 he was apptd Collector of the Port of Falmouth, Maine and continued there until the beginning of the Revolution. The Custom-House at that period, was kept in a dwelling house at the corner of King and Middle Streets, and was burnt when Mowatt set fire to the town in 1775. Mr. Lyde was an Addresser of Hutchinson in 1774 and in 1778, was proscribed and banished. He was in England in 1780. p.40 Benjamin Lynde of Salem. Chief Justice of Massachusetts. He grad. at Harvard in 1718. For many years he was a member of the Council. He presided at the trial of Capt. Preston who was held to answer to the tribunals for the Boston Massacre, so called, in 1770. In 1772 he resigned his seat on the bench. In 1774 he was one of the Salem addresers of Gage. He died in 1781 aged 81 yrs. His father, the Honorable Benjamin Lynde, a Chief Justice of Mass., who died in 1745 aged 79 yrs. p.44 Ensign Mann of Petersham, Mass. He grad. at Harvard in 1764 and taught school in Lancaster, Mass. two or three years. In 1767, probably, he removed to Petersham to pursue the same employement. At this time he was a warm Whip; and was continually involved in difficulties with persons of the Royal party, of whom several were edu- cated men. The Rev. Aaron Whitney, the minister of the town, was among his opposers. "Mr. Mann had been wounded and taken captive by a subtler warrior, and a hero of more conquests than ever went clad in armor of metal. The minister could not convert him from his idol worship at the shrine of Liberty, nor all the armies of the Royal George subdue or blind his spirit, but the minister had a gentle daughter, the glance of whose eyes smote his shield through and through, cleft his helmet in twain, and left him defenceless. At the feet of Miss Alice Whitney, he had, by this time, surr- endered at discretion, renouncing utterly the politics of his earlier manhood. He died in 1829 and this fact is all I have been able to obtain. (Sabine). p.46 Isaac Mansfield of Marblehead, Mass. An Addresser of Hutchinson in 1774. A Loyalist of this name, and a Sandemanian, died at Halifax, Nova Scotia in 1835 aged 84 yrs. p.48 Benjamin Marston. Son of Col. Benjamin Marston of Salem, Mass. Grad. at Harvard Univ. in 1749. A merchant of Marblehead, Mass. In 1774 an Addresser of Hutchinson. He went to Halifax in 1776, but returned in September of that year, when he was arrested and put in Plymouth jail. A month later, Council of Mass. ordered his transfer to the jail in Bristol County. In 1778 he was proscribed and banished. In 1792 he was Deputy Surrogate in New Brunswick. He died on the coast of Africa in 1793 while in the service of the African Company. p.51 Samuel Mather. Clerk of the Customs. In 1776 he embarked at Boston for Halifax with the British Army; and in August of that year he arrived in England. A gentleman of this name died in Boston in 1813, aged 77 years. p.54 William McAlpine. A printer and bookbinder of Boston. An Addresser of Hutchinson in 1774 and of Gage in 1775; was proscribed and banished in 1778. He remained in that town during the siege, but embarked with the British Army, and went to Halifax. Sub- sequently he went to Great Britain and died at Glasgow in 1788. His place of business, while in Boston, was at one time opposite to the Old South Church. p.62 William McGilchrist, an Episcopal clergyman of Salem, Mass. He commenced his labors at Salem, in 1747 as a missionary of the Society for the Propagation of the Bible in foreign parts, with a salary of £50; and continued in that town until his death in 1780 at the age of p.63 seventy-three. Before he came to Salem, I suppose, he was a minister in South Carolina. Few memorials remain of him; but the meagre accounts that exist, give him an excellent character. In conclude, that, though he remained with his people, the troubles of the times interfered with the regular discharge of his duties. He suffered a considerable loss of property, and was exposed to many trials; and he said that he "could not freely nor safely walk the streets by reason of party rage and malevolence and the uncontrolled rancor of some men." He bequeathed the arrears of three years's salary due him and his share of a sum that had been given to such Episcopal missionaries as were sufferers by the Revolution, to the Society above mentioned. p.67 William McKinstry of Taunton, Mass., physician. Born 1732. His constitution feeble and consumptive; his personal and professional character highly respectable. His first offence to the popular party was in 1774, when he dressed the wounds of Captain Gilbert, who p.68 had been roughly treated by the Whigs; and who, protesting against a "Rebel" doctor, expressed a willingness to employ him. The result was, offensive remark, insult and injury, which McKinstry's sensitive nature could not bear; and leaving his wife and children at Taunton, he retreated to Boston. Soon after, Mrs. McKinstry, a niece of Hon. George Leonard of Norton, Mass., and a cousin of Daniel Leonard, who became Chief Justice of Bermuda, and Loyalists noticed in this work, who was "a finely educated and high-spirited woman of elegant manners, was compelled, by a large collection of females to march round the Liberty Pole." This last wrong decided the fate of the family, and they fled to Boston, also. The Doctor established himself in Hanover Street, near the site of the present Shawmut House; and such was his reputation as a physician, that he was appointed by General Gage as Surgeon-General of the hospitals. On the 16th of June, 1775, he gave invitations for a dinner party on the following day. Among his guests were Major John Small and several other British soldiers, who, standing, and in silence, partook of a hasty meal, joined their corps, and crossed to Charlestown under orders to dislodge Col. William Prescott on Bunker's Hill. His children witness- ed the cannonade from the top of the house. At the evacuation of Boston, he embarked on board the hospital ship Dutton, but died March 21, 1776, in the harbor, and was buried on George's Island. John Adams knew him, and said he was "alert and cheerful and obliging and agreeable." The survivors of the family went to Halifax with the fleet, and one son, William, excepted, remained there until 1778, when they returned to Newport; and on the departure of the Royal Army from Rhode Island, they found a home in Haverhill, Mass., where Mrs. McKinstry died "honored and loved," in 1786. He was the father of ten children, of whom eight survived him, namely: William the subject of the next notice; Priscilla, who became the wife of John Hazen, of the Province of New Brunswick, Sarah, who married Major Caleb Stark, p.69 son of the hero of Bennington; John, a merchant of Boston; Mary, who was the wife of Benjamin Willis, well known in Massachusetts and Maine, subsequently, for his wealth and social position; Thomas the twin of Mary; Elizabeth who married Samuel Sparhawk, Secretary of State of New Hampshire and David, a merchant in New York. "The four sons died unmarried and consequently the name in this branch is extinct." The Honorable William Willis, President of the Maine Historical Society, and distinguished as well for his private virtues as for his unwearied labors in his chosen department of literature, is a grandson; and the wife of the Honorable James H. Duncan of Haverhill, late Member of Congress from Massachusetts, is a granddaughter. William McKinstry of Massachusetts. An Episcopal minister. Son of Doctor William Mc Kinstry. He entered the naval service of England at the beginning of the Revolution. In an engagement with a Whig privateer in 1776, he lost his right hand and was shot overboard. This incident caused him to quit the Navy. He graduated at Oxford and became a clergyman. After taking orders, he became Rector of East Grinstead and Ling- field, near London, England. In the course of his life he was tutor to the children of several noblemen, whom he accompanied in their travels on the Continent. He was at Munich when Moreau arrived to take command of the French Army; and, a few days after, with Campbell, was near the scene of Hohenlinden. A cannon-ball struck the earth but a little distance from the spot where they stood, to the discomposure of the poet, who subsequently commemorated the battle in immoratl verse. Mr. McKinstry "was a good scholar and a polished gentleman." He died in the United States, while on a visit, in 1823. John McKoun. In 1776 he embarked at Boston with the British Army for Halifax. His family of four persons accompanied him. He was in Nova Scotia in 1782 "with two negro men and a free woman, of the same complexion." p.71 James McMaster. A merchant of Boston. Having violated the non-imporation agreement, he found popular opinion so strong against him that he removed to Portsmouth, New Hampshire. At that place his delinquency was soon known, and a public meeting was held, at which it was resolved, that it was highly unreasonable to suffer persons who had counteracted the plans of the Whigs of the neighboring Colonies, to come there and sell their goods, and that those who encouraged, aided or assisted such persons, shold be regarded as enemies to the town. McMaster, in 1775, signed and published a Submission, but was compelled to leave. By the Act of New Hampshire of 1778, he was proscribed and banished and his property confiscated. In Boston, his offences seem to have been twofold: first, the selling of tea, and the enrolling himself among the Addressers of Hutchinson. In 1782, a Loyalist Associator at New York, to embark for Shelbourne, Nova Scotia, the following year, with his family of four persons. He settled eventually at St. Patrick, New Brunswick, where he resumed merantile pursuits and was highly respected. One of his daughters marriedthe late Honorable James Allanshaw, a member of her Majesty's Legislative Council of New Brunswick, and another daughter is the wife of Rev. Samuel Thompson, Rector of the Episcopal Church, St. George. McMaster died at Charlotte County, New Brunswick in 1804. Patrick McMaster, a merchant of Boston, Mass., and a partner of James. He was an Addresser of Hutchinson in 1774. Quitting the country with the British Army at the evacuation of Boston in 1776, he became a merchant at Halifax, Nova Scotia. Daniel McMaster. A merchant of Boston, Mass. Implicated, in some measure, in the transactions which involved James and Patrick, he was compelled to leave that town. He went p.72 to Halifax in 1776. Resuming the business to which he was educated at St. Andrew, New Brunswick, after the war, he became eminent. He married Hannah Ann, the only daughter of the Rev. Samuel Andrews, a Loyalist clergyman. She died at St. Andrew, Sept. 28, 1827 and his own death occurred at the same place, June 16, 1830, at the age of 76 years. He was a gentleman of courteous and affable manners. p.74 Archibald McNeal of Boston, Mass. An Addresser of Hutchinson in 1774, and of Gage the year after; went to Halifax in 1776 and was proscribed and banished in 1778. He returned to Boston in 1784 and was committed to jail; but finally allowed to leave the State and join his family at Quebec. In August of the year last mentioned, when asleep in the woods, while on a journey from Quebec to Nova Scotia, he was murdered by the Indians. His son Archibald died at Boston in 1797. p.75 John Mein, printer and bookseller of Boston, Mass. Partner of Fleming in the publica- tion of the "Boston Chronicle." He was well educated and possessed literary talents to a very respectable degree. He took a decided part in favor of the oppressive acts of the British Ministry; and the "Chronicle" became a vehicle for the most bitter attacks upon some of the prominent Whigs of Massachusetts. Mein, who was the editor, became so obnoxious, that he finally secreted himself until the opportunity occurred for going to England. He embarked in November, 1769; his bookstore was then closed, and the "Chronicle" was discontinued soon after, in 1770. In London, he engaged him- self, under pay of the British Government, as a writer against the Colonies, but after the beginning of hostilities sought other employment. He never returned to the United States. p.80 E. Miller, An Episcopal clergyman at Braintree, Massachusetts. He was a missionary from the Society for Propagating the Gospel, and his name is connected with the earliest disputes of the Revolution. He died in 1762 or 1763, at which time the project of sending a Bishop to America had been agitated for some years; and the minds of the people were well prepared for an attack upon the Episcopal Church. His decease was unkindly noticed in one of the newspapers, which created a heated controversy; and before the excitement was allayed, the Dissenters found themselves arrayed on one side and the dependents of the Crown on the other. The writings which his labors and decease produced are to be considered as a part of the Revolutionary dissensions in Massachusetts. For it is to be remembered, that in that Colony, the question of Episcopacy had very great influence in the formation and in the action of the two political parties. p.83 Nathaniel Mills. Printer. Boston. Was proscribed and banished in 1778. He was born in Massachusetts, and served his apprenticeship with Fleming, already noticed. The friends of the Royal Government urged him and John Hicks to purchase of Green and Russell the "Massachusetts Gazette and Post-Boy," which they did in 1773. Under their management, this paper took strong ground in opposition to the measures of the Whigs, and defended the Ministry and Colonial servants of the Crown with great zeal and ability. Hostilities, in 1775, put an end to its publication. Mills remained with the British troops while they occupied Boston, and on the evacuation accompanied them to Halifax, Nova Scotia. Thence he proceeded to Great Britain, but soon re- turned to New York and became interested with the Robertsons in the "Royal American Gazette." He continued in New York p.84 MASSACHUSETTS LOYALISTS. during the remainder of the war, and at the peace went a second time to Halifax, and from thence to Shelburne in the same colony. Christopher Minot. Officer of the Customs, Boston. Graduated at Harvard Univ. 1725. Went to Halifax in 1776; proscribed and banished in 1778. Died unmarried at Hali- fax in 1783 aged seventy-six years. Samuel Minot of Boston, Mass., an Addresser of Hutchinson in 1774, and a Protester agains the Whigs the same year. His arrest ordered y the Council of Massachusetts, April, 1776. p.103 John Moore of Massachusetts. In 1776 he embarked at Boston with the British Army, for Halifax. The death of a Loyalist of this name occurred on the river St. John, about the year 1790. He was supposed, by one who remembers him, to have been a native of New England. p.108 Colonel Morrow of Boston, Mass. He was in England in 1776 and in 1783 a Loyalist refugee; and was a pensioner of the British Government. Rev. Ebenezer Morse of Boylston, Mass. A Congregational minister. Graduaed at Harvard Univ. p.109 in 1737. He was compelled to leave his flock on account of his political sentiments, previous to the beginning of the year 1780. After quitting his pulpit, he supported his family for a time by practising medicine and fitting boys for college. The late Rev. Dr. Thaddeus M. Harris was one of his pupils. He died in 1802, aged eighty-four years. Lemuel Morton of Massachusetts settled in Nova Scotia, and was a Magistrate and a Major in the militia. He died at Cornwallis, Nova Scotia in 1811. p.111 Thomas Mullens, blacksmith of Leominster, Massachusetts. Was proscribed and banished in 1778. A Loyalist of this name was a grantee of, and died at, St. John, New Bruns- wick in 1799 at the age of fifty-four; and administration was granted on his estate the following year. p.115 John Murray of Rutland, Massachusetts. He was a Colonel in the militia, for many years a member of the General Court and in 1774 was appointed a Mandamus Councilor, but was not sworn into office. A party of about five hundred, with the Worcester Committee of Correspondence, repaired to Rutland to ask Colonel Murray to resign his seat in the Council. On the way, they were joined by nearly one thousand persons from other sec- tions. A delagation went to the house and reported that he was absent. A letter was accordingly addressed to him, to the effect that, unless his resignation appeared in the Boston papers, he would be waited upon again. He abandoned his house on the night of the 25th of August of that year, and fled to Boston, as I find in his own hand- writing, in an account-book in the possession of a person of his lineage. In 1776, with his family of six persons, he accompanied the Royal Army to Halifax. In 1778 he was proscribed and banished and in 1779 he lost his extensive estates under the Conspiracy Act. After the Revolutiohn, Colonel Murray became a resident of St. John, New Brunswick. He built a house in Prince William Street, which (1846) is still stand- ing. The lot attached to this dwelling is very large, and the market value at the present time is, perhaps £4000. A part of it is (same year) owned by Chief Justice Chipman, and is rented to a horticulturist, who raised flowers for sale. The Honor- able R. L. Hazen of St. John, a member of the Executive Council of New Brunswick, and a grandson of Colonel Murray, has his portrait by Copley. He is represented as sitting, and in the full dress of a gentleman of the day; and his person is shown to the knees. There is a hole in the wig; and the tradition in the family is, that a party who sought the Colonel at his house after his flight, vexed because he had eluded them, vowed they would leave their mark behind them, and accordingly pierced the canvas of the wig, with a bayonet. p.116 His 2nd wife was Elizabeth McLlanathan, who was mother of Alexander, Isabel, Elizabeth, Robert, John, Daniel, Samuel, Martha, a second John and a second Robert. His third wife, Lucretia Chandler bore one daughter, Lucretia who died unmarried; his 4th wife was Deborah Bronley of Boston, who was mother of one daughter, Deborah. Mrs. Dolly Chandler of Lancaster, Massachusetts, has a portrait of his 3rd wife, also by Copley, which represents a large part of her person, in brocade silk, full flowing sleeves, showing the forearm, dress very low, and cut square at the bust. "An exceedingly good old painting of a very handsome person," remarks my informant. Colonel Murray was allowed a pension of £200 per annum. His estates valued at £23,367. 17s. 9d. were confiscated, except one farm for his Whig son, Alexander Murray. He died at or near St John in 1794. The descendants of Colonel Murray in New Brunswick, have also several relics of the olden times, not destitute of interest. Among them are articles of silver- plate of a by-gone fashion, books of accounts, business memoranda, muster-rolls, or list of officers of the regiment which he commanded, deeds of his estates, etc. Of the latter, there are no less than twenty-two of his lands at Rutland, Massachusetts, and several of property in Athol, Mass. One of the deeds is stamped, but bears date some years previous to the passage of the odious Stamp Act. The manner in which Colonel Murray kept his books and papers, shows that he was a careful, calculating, and exact man in his transactions; method is seen in everything. In person, he was about six feet three inches in hight, and well proportioned. In Massachusetts he was a principal man in his section, and one of the country gentlemen or colonial noblemen, who lived upon their estates in a style which has passed away. The wife of Honorable Daniel Bliss, and the first wife of the Honorable Joshua Upham - Loyalists mentioned in these pages - were his daughters. Daniel Murray, his administrator, sued Jonathan Ware in the Circuit Court of the United States, on a bond, and p.117 MASSACHUSETTS LOYALISTS. recovered judgment. As Ware was bount to Massachusetts for the same debt, under the Confiscation Act, and had actually paid a part, he was relieved, by a resolve of the Legislature in 1807. Daniel Murray of Brookfield, Massachusetts. Son of Colonel John Murray. He grad. at Harvard Univ. in 1771. In July, 1775, he applied to Washington for leave for his sister and two of his brothers to go into Boston. The Commander-In-Chief, un- aquainted with the circumstances of the case, referred the subject to the Committ- ee of Safety, and that body laid the application before the Provincial Congress, when the request was refused. Mr. Murray subsequently entered the military ser- vice of the Crown, and was Major of the King's American Dragoons. In 1778, he was proscribed and banished. At the peace he retired on half-pay. In 1792 he was a member of the House of Assembly of New Brunswick. In 1803 he left that Colony, in embarressed circumstances. He died at Portland, Maine in 1832. Samuel Murray. Son of Colonel John Murray. Graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1772. He was with the British troops at Lexington in 1775 and was taken prisoner. In a General Order, dated at Cambridge, June 15, 1775, it was directed "That Samuel Murray be removed from jail in Worcester to his father's homestead at Rutland, the limits of which he is not to pass until further orders." In 1778 he was pro- scribed and banished. He died previous to 1785. Robert Murray. Son of Colonel John Murray. In 1782 he was a Lieutenant of the King's American Dragoons. He settled in New Brunswick and died there of consum- tion, in 1786. John Murray. Son of colonel John Murray. In 1782 he was a Captain in the King's American Dragoons. After the Revolution he was an officer of the 54th Regiment, British Army. p.119 John Nelson of Maine & Mass., a pedlar, who lived in Warren, and who employed two horses to carry his goods. The war interrupted his business, and he joined the British. At the peace, his townsmen gave him written leave to return, of which he availed himself, but finally removed to Reading, Massachusetts. p.120 Richard Newton. He was a prisoner in the Boston Jail, July, 1776, and appealed to the Council of Massachusetts for relief and liberty. He stated that no allowance of any kind had been made him; that he had sold his watch and clothing to procure food; and that, unless the Council interposed, he should certainly starve. Just a month after the date of his petition, he was released. Francis Noble of Pittsfield, Mass. He was proscribed and banished in 1778. He settled at St. John, New Brunswick in 1783 and was a grantee of that city. Benjamin Noble was his twin-brother. Benjamin Noble of Pittsfield, Mass. was p.121 proscribed and banished in 1778. The time and place of his death is unknown. The family account, however, is, that he went to New York by water and was killed there before the peace. His wife was Mary Bates; his children were: Hannah, Betsey and Benjamin Noble. The latter was living at Watertown, Connecticut in 1852. John Nutting of Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was proscribed and banished in 1778. Administration on estate of a person of this name at Newport, Nova Scotia in the year 1800. Sir David Ochterlony, Baronet. A Major-General in the Army of the East India Co. and Knight of Grand Cross of the Bath. He was the eldest son of David Ochterlony p.122 of Boston, Mass., and was at the Latin School of Boston in 1766. At the age of 18, he went to India as a Cadet, and in 1778 was appointed an Ensign. In 1781 he was Quartermaster to the 71st Regiment of Foot. During the twenty years that succeeded, he was exposed to all the danger and fatigue of incessant service in the East. He attained the rank of Major in 1800 and of Lieutenant-Colonel in 1803. His commiss- ion of Major-General bears date June 1, 1814. In 1817 he received the thanks of both Houses of Parliament. His health, after nearly fifty years of uninterrupted military duty, became impaired and he resigned a political office in India, with the intention of proceeding to Calcutta and thence to England. This plan he did not live to execute. He died at Meerut in 1825 while there for a change of air. Sir David was never married. His title descended to Charles Metcalfe Ochterlony, to whom it was limited. p.128 Peter Oliver. He was born in 1713 and graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1730. Though not educated as a lawyer, he was appointed Chief Justice of Massachusetts in 1756 and in McFingal it is asked, - "Did Heaven appoint our chief judge, Oliver, Fill that high bench with ignoramus, Or has it councils by mandamus?" Judge Oliver was proscribed and banished, and his estate was confiscated. In addition to his judicial station he was a Mandamus Councillor. He went to Hali- fax at the evacuation of Boston in 1776. Subsequently he embarked for England. Of the five Judges of the Superior Court of Massachusetts p.129 OLIVER. at the Revolutionary era, four, to wit, the subject of this notice, Edmund Trowbridge, Foster Hutchinson and William Browne, were Loyalists. The Whig member of the Court was William Cushing. In 1774, Oliver was impeached by the Legislature for refusing to receive, as usual, a grant for his services from the Colonial Treasury, and because he would not engage to accept of any emolument from the Crown. Judges at this time wore swords, robes, etc. while on the Bench. He died in England in 1791. Peter Oliver, Jr., son of Chief Justice Peter Oliver, of Massachusetts, grad. at Harvard Univ. in 1761. One of the eighteen country gentlemen who were driven into Boston, and who were Addressers of Gage in 1775. He was proscribed and banished in 1778, and is styled in the Act of Middleborough, physician. His father died possessed of the only perfect MS. of "Hubbard's History of New England." and when, in 1814, the Massachusetts Historical Society determined, with the patronage of the Legislature, to publish that work, application was made to Doctor Oliver to give or lend his copy, or at least to permit a transcription of such parts of it as were missing in the American manuscript, but he returned a surly answer, refusing to comply with either request, and, of consequence, we have "Hubbard" mutilated at the be- ginning and at the end. The correspondence on the subject is very properly preserved in the Society's Collections. He died at Shrewsbury, England, in 1822, aged eighty-one years. Daniel Oliver of Massachusetts. Son of Chief Justice Peter Oliver. Graduated at Harvard University in 1762. Studied law, and settled in Worcester County, Mass. He went to England and died there in 1826, aged eighty-two years. Thomas Oliver, of Cambridge, Mass. He was born at Dorchester and graduated at Harvard University in 1753. He lived in great retirement and mingled but little in public affairs. But after the decease of Lieut. Governor Andrew Oliver, of a different family - in 1774, he was appointed his successor, and was the last Royal Lieutenant p.130 OLIVER. Governor, and President of the Council of Massachusetts. As his appointment as Councillor was by the King's writ of mandamus, and contrary to the Charter, which provided for the election of members of the Council, he became an object of popular resentment. He detailed the course pursued against him, in consequence of being sworn into office, in the following narrative, dated September 7, 1774, which, as giving his version, and as throwing light on the transcations of the times, is inserted here entire. It is an answer to the Whig account of the occurrences at Cambridge on the 2nd of September, and, as will be seen, is very full and explicit: "Early in the morning" (of September 2nd), said he, "a number of the inhabitants of Charlestown called at my house to acquaint me that a large body of people from several towns in the county were on their way coming down to Cambridge; that they were afraid some bad consequences might ensue, and begged I would go out to meet them, and endeavor to prevail on them to return. In a very short time, before I could prepare myself to go, they appeared in sight. I went out to them, and asked the reasons of their appearance in that manner; they respectfully answered, they 'came peaceably to inquire into their grievances, not with design to hurt any man.' I perceived they were landholders of the neighboring towns, and was thoroughly persuaded they would do no harm. I was asked to speak to them; I accordingly did, in such a manner as I thought best calculated to quiet their minds. They thanked me for my advice, said they were no mob, but sober, orderly people, who would commit no disorders; and then proceeded on their way. I returned to my house. Soon after they arrived on the Common at Cambridge, a report arose that the troops were on their march from Boston; I was desired to go and intercede with his Excellency to prevent their coming. From principles of humanity to the country, from a general love of mankind, and from persuasions that they were orderly people, I readily undertook it; and is ther a man on earth, who, placed in my circumstances, could have refused it? I am informed I am censured for p.131 OLIVER. having advised the General to a measure which may reflect on the troops, as being too inactive upon such a general disturbance; but surely such a reflection on a military man can never arise but in the minds of such as are entirely ignor- ant of these circumstances. Wherever this affair is known, it must also be known it was my request to the troops should not be sent, but to return; as I passed the people I told them, of my own accord, I would return and let them know the event of my application (not, as was related in the papers, to confer with them on my own circumstances as President of the Council). On my return I went to the Committee, I told them no troops had been ordered, and from the account I had given his Excellency, none would be ordered. I was then thanked for the trouble I had taken in the affair, and was just about to leave them to their own business, when one of the Committee observed, that as I was present it might be proper to mention a matter they had to propose to me. It was, that although they had a re- spect for me as Lieutenant-Governor of the Province, they could wish I would re- sign my seat. I told them I took it very unkind that they should mention anything on that subject; and among other reasons I urged, that, as Lieutenant-Governor, I stood in a particular relation to the Province in general, and therefore could not hear anything upon that matter from a particular county. I was then pushed to know if I would resign when it appeared to be the sense of the Province in general; I answered, that when all the other Councillors had resigned, I would submit. They then called for a vote upon the subject, and, by a very great majority, voted my reasons satisfactory. I inquired whether they had full power to act for the people, and being answered in the affirmative, I desired they would take care to acquaint them of their votes, that I should have no further application made to me on that head. I was promised by the Chairman, and a general assent, it should be so. This left me entirely clear and free from any apprehensions of a farther application upon the matter, and perhaps will account p.132 OLIVER. for that confidence which I had in the people, and for which I may be censured. Indeed, it is true, the event proves I had too much; but reasoning from events yet to come, is a kind of reasoning I have not been used to. In the afternoon I observed large companies pouring in from different parts; I then began to apprehend they would become unmanageable, and that it was expedient to go out of their way. I was just going into my carriage when a great crowd advanced, and in a short time my house was surrounded by three or four thousand people, and one quarter part in arms. I went to the front door, where I was met by five persons, who acquainted me they were a Committee from the people to de- mand a resignation of my seat at the Board. I was shocked at their ingratitude and false dealings, and reproached them with it. They excused themselves by saying the people were dissatisfied with the vote of the Committee, and in- sisted on my signing a paper they had prepared for that purpose. I found I had been ensnared, and endeavored to reason them out of such ungrateful behavior. They gave such answers, that I found it in vain to reason longer with them; I told them my first considerations were for my honor, the next for my life; that they might put me to death or destroy my property, but I would not sub- mit. They began then to reason in their turn, urging the power of the people, and the danger of opposing them. All this occasioned a delay, which enraged part of the multitude, who, pressing into my back yard, denounced vengeance to the foes of their liberties. The Committee endeavored to moderate them, and desired them to keep back, for they pressed up to my windows, which then were opened; I could from thence hear them at a distance calling out for a determination, and, with their arms in their hands, swearing they would have my blood if I refused. The Committee appeared to be anxious for me, still I refused to sign; part of the populace growing furious, and the distress of my family, who heard their threats, and supposed them just about to be exe- cuted, called up feelings which I could not suppress; and nature, ready to find new excuses, suggested p.133 OLIVER. thought of the calamities I should occasion if I did not comply; I found myself giving way, and began to cast about to contrive means to come off with honor. I proposed they should call in the people to take me out by force, but they said the people were enraged and they would not answer for the consequences. I told them I would take the risk, but they refused to do it. Reduced to this extremity, I cast my eyes over the paper, with a hurry of mind and conflict of passion which rendered me unable to remark the contents, and wrote underneath, the following words: 'My house at Cambridge, being surrounded by four thousand people, in compliance with their commands, I sign my name, Thomas Oliver.' The five persons took it, carried it to the people, and, I believe, used their en- deavors to get it accepted. I had several messages that the people would not accept it with those additions, upon which I walked into the court-yard and declared I would do no more, though they should put me to death. I perceived that those persons who formed the first body which came down in the morning, consisting of the landholders of the neighboring towns, used their utmost endeavors to get the paper received with my additions; and I must, in justice to them, observe, that, during the whole transaction, they had never invaded my enclosures, but still were not able to protect me from other insults which I received from those who were in arms. From this consideration I am induced to quit the country, and seek protection in the town." The document presented to Mr. Oliver on the 2nd of September, and which he signed, was as follows: "I, Thomas Oliver, being appointed by his Majesty to a seat at the Council Board, upon, an in conformity to the late Act of Parliament, entitled an 'Act for the better regulation of the Province of Massachusetts Bay,' which being a manifest infringement of the Charter rights and privileges of this people, I do hereby, in conformity to the commands of the body of this county now convened, most solemnly renounce and resign my seat at said unconstitutional Board, and hereby p.134 OLIVER. firmly promise and engage, as a man of honor and a Christian, that I never will hereafter, upon any terms whatsover, accept a seat at said Board on the present novel and oppressive plan of Government." To this, the original form, he added the words above recited. Judge Danforth and Judge Lee, who wer also Mandamus Councillors, and Mr. Phipps, the sheriff, and Mr. Mason, clerk of the county, were compelled to submit to the same body, and make written resignations. Governor Oliver, as stated by himself, went into Boston and made assurances both to General Gage and to the Admiral on the station, which prevented a body of troops from being sent to disperse the large body of people who assembled at Cambridge on this occasion; and to these assurances it was owing, undoubtedly, that the day passed without bloodshed. But for the peace- able demeanor of those whom he met in the morning - the landholders of the neighboring towns - the first collision between the King's troops and the inhabitants of Massachusetts, would have occurred, very likely at Cambridge and not at Lexington. A detachment was sent to the former town the day before, to bring off some pieces of cannon, and from this circumstance arose, princi- pally, the proceedings related by Governor Oliver. Indignant because the "red- coats" had been sent upon such an errand, thousands from the surrounding country assembled in the course of the day, (September 2d,) armed with guns, sticks, and other weapons; and when the Lieutenant-Governor's promise on his return from Boston, rendered it certain that they would not be opposed by the troops, they exacted from every official who lived at Cambridge full compliance with their demands, as has been stated. From this period Governor Olived lived in Boston, until March, 1776, when at the evacuation he accompanied the Royal Army to Halifax, and took passage thence to England. In a letter to David Phips, dated London, July, 1776, he said, "I found Mrs. Oliver well, and settled in a little snug house at Brompton (England) But I shall continue here p.135 OLIVER. no longer than I am able to find an economical retreat. I have not had time to look about me yet; some cheaper part of England must be the object of my in- quiry." Later the same year, he had lodgings in Jermyn Street. In 1778 he was proscribed and banished from Massachusetts; and the year following was included in the Conspiracy Act. His estate at Cambridge was confiscated. He visited the Courts often, and as he saw Lord Mansfield's train borne by a gentleman, he could but have thought of his own fallen condition. He had letters from Doctor Elliott, "conceived in the Whig strain," which wer seen by fellow-Loyalists. In February, 1782, he was at Birmingham, England, and, writing to order some snuff, he said, "I am much obligated to you for your care and trouble for an irritating powder for an American Refugee, and doubt not that it be of a more agreeable nature than the so many irritables we have all turned up our noses at for five or six years past." He died at Bristol, England, November 29, 1815 aged eighty- two yrs. Elizabeth, his wife, was a daughter of Colonel John Vassall of Cambridge, died at the same place in 1808. His elegant mansion at Cambridge, Mass., was occupied by Governor Gerry for many years. It is said that he was a gentleman of great mildness of temper and politeness of manners. Prescott - Oliver Source: Prescott Memorial - Volume I - John Prescott, founder of Lancaster, Massachusetts. Children of Jonas Prescott & wife, Mary Loker, son of John Prescott & Mary Platts. p.48 The Honorable Benajmin Prescott, b. Jan 4, 1696, son of Jonas Prescott & Mary Loker. Benjamin Prescott was b. Jan 4, 1696; m. June 11, 1718, Abigail Oliver, dau. of the Honorable Thomas Oliver of Cambridge, Mass. She b. 1697. They left three sons, all celebrated and distinguished men - Dr. Oliver Prescott of Groton, Mass.; the Hon. James Prescott and Colonel William Prescott of Bunker Hill fame. Transcribed by Janice Farnsworth. p.135 MASSACHUSETTS LOYALISTS BY LORENZO SABINE. ANDREW OLIVER. Andrew Oliver of Massachusetts - His father was Daniel Oliver, a member of the Council. He graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1724. He entered public life, and was Secretary, Stamp Distributor and Lieut. Governor of Massachusetts. In 1765, soon after receiving the appointment of Stamp-officer, the building which he had fitted for the transaction of business was demolished by a mob, and he was compelled to resign. He was then allowed to enjoy his post of Secretary without molestation for several months. But before the close of the year, a report that he was seeking to be restored to his place of Stamp-officer, obtained circulation, and he was re- quired to make a public statement upon the subject. He complied with the demand and published a declaration, that he would not act under his commission; but this was deemed unsatisfactory, and he was desired to appear p.136 OLIVER. under the Liberty Tree, and there resign the office in form, and in the presence of the people. With this demand he also complied, and at the proper time, and while two thousand persons surrounded him, he made oath to the following decla- ration: "That he had never taken any measures, in consequence of his deputation, to act in his office as distributor of stamps, and that he never would, directly or indirectly, by himself, or any under him, make use of his deputation, or take any measures for enforcing the Stamp Act in America." The multitude gave three cheers and allowed him to depart. But so determined a course on the part of the Whigs gave him great pain, and caused intense suffering both to himself and his family. In 1770, Mr. Oliver was appointed Lieutenant-Governor. In 1773, several letters which he had written to persons in England were obtained by Franklin, and sent to Massachusetts. These letters cause much excitement, and became the subject of dis- cussion throughout the Colony. The Whigs of the House of Representatives agreed upon a report, that the manifest tendency and design of these and other similar communications of Hutchinson, Paxton, Moffat, Auchmuty, Rogers and Rome, was to overthrow the Constitution, and introduce arbitrary power. In addition to the assaults at home, Junius Americanus, a writer in the public papers in England, charged him with the grave crime of perjury. Mr. Oliver was now advanced in life. He had always been subject to disorders of a bilious nature; and unable to endure the disquiet and misery caused by his position in affairs at so troubled a period, soon sunk under the burden. After a short illness, he died at Boston in March, 1774, aged sixty-seven years. In private life he was a most estimable man; but his public career, though earnestly defended by his brother-in-law, Governor Hutch- inson, is open to censure. No man in Massachusetts was more unpopular; and Hutchin- son remarks, that the violence of party spirit was evinced even at his funeral; that some members of the House of Representatives were offended because the officers of the army and navy had precedence in the procession p.137 MASSACHUSETTS LOYALISTS. and retired in a body; and that "marks of disrespect were also shown by the populace to the remains of a man, whose memory, if he had died before this violent spirit was raised, would have been revered by all orders and degrees of men in this Province." Peter Oliver of Salem, Mass. Son of Lieut. Governor Andrew Oliver, who died at Boston March, 1774. An Addresser of Gage in 1775; proscribed and banished in 1778. He became a surgeon in the British Army. He died at London, England, April, 1795. His widow married Admiral Sir John Knight and died at her Seat near London in 1839. Brinley Sylvester Oliver, a son of Lieutenant Governor Andrew Oliver. He grad. at Harvard University in 1774 and became a surgeon in the British service. He died in 1828. William Sandford Oliver of Boston. Son of Lieut. Governor Andrew Oliver. In 1776 he accompanied the Royal Army to Halifax. He settled at St. John, New Brunswick, at the peace, and was the first Sheriff of the county. His official papers, in 1784, are dated at Parr and Parr-town, by which names St. John was then known. In 1792 he held the office of Marshal of the Court of Vice-Admiralty of New Brunswick. At the time of his decease he was Sheriff of the county of St. John, and Treasurer of the Colony. He died at St. John in 1813, aged sixty-two. Catharine, his wife, died in that city in 1803, at the age of forty-one. Elizabeth Letitia Oliver, his youngest daughter, died at Fort Erie, Upper Canada in 1836. His son, William Sandford Oliver was a grantee of St. John in 1783 but left New Brunswick about 1806; possibly, Commander William Sandford Oliver of the Royal Navy, who in 1811 married Mary, the only daughter of Thomas Hutchinson, who was put on the retired list in 1844, and who died in England the next year, aged seventy-one years, was the same person. Andrew Oliver of Salem, Massachusetts, Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. Graduated at Harvard University in 1749. Of the loyal members of his family, he alone remained in the country. He died in 1799 at the age of sixty-eight. p.138 Timothy Orne of Salem, Massachusetts. He graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1768; was an Addresser of Gage in 1774. A mob seized him in 1775, but were persuaded to relinquish their design of tarring and feathering him. He died at Danvers, Mass., in 1789, aged 39 yrs. In London, England, the New England Club, formed in London eaarly in the year 1776, by several Loyalists of Massachusetts, who agreed to meet and have a dinner weekly at the Adelphi, in Strand. This Club, February 1st, was composed of the following members: Governor Hutchinson. Richard Clark Joseph Green Jonathan Bliss Jonathan Sewall Joseph Waldo S. S. Blowers Elisha Hutchinson William Hutchinson Samuel Sewall Samuel Quincy Isaac Smith Harrison Gray David Greene Jonathan Clark Thomas Flucker Joseph Taylor Daniel Silsbee Thomas Brinley William Cabot John S. Copley Nathaniel Coffin Samuel Porter Benjamin Pickman John Amory Robert Auchmuty Major Urquhart Samuel Curwen and the subject of this notice; all of whom, Urquhart excepted, are mentioned in these volumes. In 1778, Mr. Oxnard was proscribed and banished. He returned to Portland soon after the conclusion of hostilities, and was an auctioneer and commission merchant. He died July 2, 1803. His wife, who was Mary, a daughter of Jabez Fox, and a descendant of John Fox, author of the "Book of Martyrs" http://www.ccel.org/f/foxe/martyrs/home.html and his sons, William, Edward and John Oxnard and one daughter survived him. p.140 LOYALISTS. Adino Paddock of Boston, Mass., a lineal descendant of Zachariah Paddock, branches of whose family, at the Revolutionary era, were to be found in various parts of New England, New Jersey and even in South Carolina. In 1749, Adino Paddock, the subject of this notice, married Lydia Snelling by whom he had thirteen children. He settled in Boston, where he manufactured chairs, and transacted his business near the head of Bumstead Place. The elm-trees in Tremont Street were planted by him, and were for years the objects of his care. It is related that, on one occasion, he offered the reward of a guinea for the detection of the person who hacked one or more of them. Nine of Colonel Paddock's children died in infancy; and John Paddock a student at Harvard College, was drowned in the Charles River, while bathing in 1773. He command- ed the companies of artillery in Boston with the rank of Major; and two of the four brass cannon, purchased by order of the Legislature, were kept in a gun-house near his dwelling. As he was heard to say that he designed to surrender these two pieces to General Gage, a party who desired a far different use to be made of p.141 PADDOCK. them, dismantled them; and leaving the carriages, carried them away. Both did good service to the Whigs in the Revolution; and, yet preserved, these cannon bear the name, one, of "Hancock," and the other, of "Adams." The Committee of Safety, Feb. 23, 1775, after he was displaced, voted that Dr. Joseph Warren (who would be killed by the British at the Battle of Bunker Hill) ascertain how many of the men who had been under his command, "be depended on....to form an artillery company, when the Constitutional Army of the Province shold take the field; and that report be made without loss of time." In March, 1776, Major Paddock embarked for Halifax with the Royal Army, accomp- anied by his wife and by Adino, Elizabeth and Rebecca, his surviving children; and in June of that year, the whole family, his son Adino excepted, sailed for England. In 1778, he was proscribed and banished. From 1781 until his decease he resided on the Isle of Jersey, and for several years held the office of Inspector of Artillery Stores, with the rank of Captain. He died March 25, 1804, aged seventy-six years. Lydia, his wife, died at the Isle of Jersey in 1781, aged fifty-one. He received a partial comp- ensation for his losses, as a Loyalist. Adino Paddock, Jr. of Boston. Son of Major Adino Paddock. He accompanied his father to Halifax in 1776, as related above, and in 1779 followed him to England, where he enter- ed upon the study of medicne and surgery. Having attended the different hospitals of London, and fitted himself for practice, he returned to America before the close of the Revolution, and was surgeon of the King's American Dragoons. In 1784 he married Margaret Ross of Casco Bay, Maine, and settling at St. John, New Brunswick, confined his attention to professional pursuits. In addition to extensive and successful private practice, he enjoyed from Government the post of surgeon to the ordnance of New Bruns- wick. He died at St. Mary's, York County, in 1817, aged fifty-eight. Margaret, his wife, died at St. John in 1815, at the age of fifty. The fruit of their union was ten children; of whom three sons, namely, Adino, Thomas and John Paddock, were educated p.142 physicians. Adino Paddock commenced practice in 1808 and is still (1846) living at Kingston, New Brunswick. Thomas Paddock married Mary, the daughter of Arthur McLellan, Esq., of Portland, Maine, and died at St. John, deeply lamented in 1838, aged forty- seven years. p.143 Timothy Paine of Worcester, Massachusetts. He graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1748. He was a member of the General Court for some years, and a stout "government man" in the controversies in that body which preceded the Revolution. In 1774 he was appointed a Mandamus Councillor, and in August of that year, about fifteen hundred people assembled on the Common at Worcester, and elected Joseph Gilbert, John Goulding, Edward Rawson, Thomas Dennie and Joshua Bigelow, a committee to wait upon him, and to demand of him satisfaction for having accepted the appointment. After some delay he wrote and signed his resignation. The committee insisted further that he should personally appear before the people; this he did. It was then insisted that he should read the paper himself, and with his hat off. He hesitated and demanded the protection of the committee, but finally complied, and was allowed to retire to his dwelling unharmed. The object of the multitude having been accomplished, they withdrew in companies, those of each town marching off in a separate body. "Solid talents, practical sense, candor, sincer- ity, affability and mildness, were characteristics of his life." He died July 17, 1793, at the age of sixty-three. His widow died at Worcester in 1811. Samuel Paine of Worcester, Massachusetts. Son of Timothy Paine. Graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1771. The Worcester County Convention, September 7, 1774, "Voted, to take notice of Mr. Samuel Paine, assistant clerk, for sending out venires. Voted, that Mr. Samuel Dennison go to Mr. Samuel Paine forthwith, and desire his immediate attend- ance before this body, to answer for sending venires to the p.144 MASSACHUSETTS LOYALISTS. constables, commanding their compliance with the late Act of Parliament." Mr. Paine appeared and stated that he felt bound by the duty of his office to comply with the Act. "Voted, That Mr. Paine has not given satisfaction, and that he be allowed to consider till the adjournment of this meeting." On the 21st of September, he transmitted a paper to the Convention, explanatory of his course, but that body "Voted, That it "was not satisfactory, and that it be committed to Messrs. Joseph Henshaw, Mr. Bigelow, and Mr. Doolittle," who reported, that, as the writer was "a young man," etc etc., his "letter be dismissed," and Mr. Paine him-' self "be treated with all neglect." In 1775, our Loyalist was sent by the Committee of Worcester, under guard, "To Water- town or Cambridge, to be dealt with as the honorable Congress or Commander-in- Chief shall, upon examination, think proper." His direct offences consisted, appaently, in saying that the Hampshire troops had robbed the house of Mr. Bradish; that he had heard the Whig soldiers were deserting in great numbers; and that he was told "the men were so close stowed in the Colleges that they were lousy." This is the substance of the testimony of a neighbor, the only witness who appeared against him, and who had a conversation with him (in the garden of the witness) immediately after he had been on a visit to Cambridge where the Whig Army was then encamped. In 1776 Mr. Paine accomp- anied the British Army from Boston to Halifax. During the war, he wandered from place to place, and apparently without regular employment. He returned to Massachusetts. The British Government allowed him an annual pension of £84. He died at Worcester in 1807. William Paine of Worcester, Massachusetts. Son of Timothy Paine. Graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1768. He was educated to the medical profession, and having been proscribed under the Act of 1778, became apothcary to the British forces in Rhode Island and New York. In 1784 he took possession of the Island of LeTete, Passamaquoddy Bay, p.145 which had been granted for services and built a house, intending to live there. The place, well known to me, was too lone and desolate; and he removed to St. John, New Brunswick, where he practised his profession. He was elected to the House of Assembly, was Clerk of that body, and Deputy-Surveyor of the King's Forests. In 1787 he ob- tained permission to return to Salem, Mass. In 1793 he fixed his residence in Worcester, Mass., where he died April 19, 1833 aged eighty-three years. p.146 Thomas Palmer of Massachusetts. He graduated Harvard Univ. in 1761. In 1774 he was appointed a Mandamus Councillor, but was not sworn into office. He died in 1820. He gave his library to the Harvard Univ., "and a good one it was." p.147 Rev. Samuel Parker, D.D. of Boston. Second Episcopal Bishop of the Eastern Diocese. He was the son of William Parker, a Judge of the Superior Court of New Hampshire and born at Portsmouth in 1744, and graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1764. He taught school at Roxbury, Mass., immediately after leaving Harvard Univ. and at Newburyport and Portsmouth, while fitting himself for the ministry. In 1773, he was elected Assistant Rector of Trinity Church, Boston, and repaired ot England for ordination. In the early part of the Revolution "he was subjected to many severe trials." The clergymen who officiated at King's Chapel and at Christ Church, fled; but Mr. Parker remained, and, in the progress of events, "found himself in circumstances of imminent peril." Soon after the Declaration of Independence, "he called a meeting of his Vestry and Wardens, and informed them that he could not, with safety, continue to perform the Church service, particularly that part of it in which prayers were offered for the King; that he had been publicly interrupted in reading it on the preceding Lord's Day; and was apprehensive of serious consequences, if he p.148 should attempt it again." The result was a vote, requesting him to continue to offic- iate, and to omit the part of the Liturgy which had caused offense. In 1779 he was elected Rector; and, at the decease of Bishop Bass in 1803, Bishop. He died in 1804, less than three months after his consecration, aged fifty-nine years. His wife, Anne, the daughter of John Cutler, of Boston, bore him six sons and six daughters. p.149 Robert Parker of Massachusetts. He settled in New Brunswick in 1783, and was directly appointed Store-keeper of Ordnance and Comptroller of the Customs for the port of St. John and filled these offices many years, until his decease. He died in that city in 1823, aged seventy-three years. His only daughter, Eliza Jane Parker married Frederick Du Vernet, of the Royal Staff Corps, in 1816. His son, Robert Parker (1846) is a Judge of the Supreme Court; and his son Neville Parker, Esq., is Master of the Rolls of New Brunswick. Jane, his widow, died at St. John, in 1852, aged eighty- eight years. p.150 Rev. David Parsons, of Amherst, Massachusetts, Congregational Minister, grad. at Harvard Univ. in 1729. He commenced preaching at Amherst late in 1735, and in April, 1737, was invited to settle there but declined. The invitation was renewed in 1739 and accepted. In 1777 the warrant for a town-meeting contained two articles, which, as well as the vote therein, show that he had given offence to the Whigs, by his course in politics. His relations with his people continued, however, until his decease in 1781, in the 68th year of his age. His son, Rev. David Parsons, D.D., was his successor. p.153 Charles Paxton. He was one of the Commissioners of the Customs at Boston; was pro- scribed and banished, an his estate was confiscated. In 1769 he and his associates were posted in the "Boston Gazette" by James Otis. It was this card of Otis's which brought on the altercation with Robinson, another commissioner, in the coffee- house in State Street, that stood on the site of the present Massachusetts Bank; and which resulted in the injuries to the head of the first champion of the Revolution, from which he never recovered. Paxton was remarkable for finished politeness and courtesy of manners. His office was unpopular and even odious; and the wags of the day made merry with qualities, which, at any other time, would have been commanded respect. One Pope-day, as the Gun-powder plot anniversary, or the 5th of November, was called, there was usually a grand pageant of various figures on a stage mounted on wheels and drawn through the streets with horses. Lanterns, transparencies of oiled paper having inscriptions; figures of the Pope with appropriate implements and dress, were among the objects devised to draw attention and make up the show. Sometimes political char- act, who in popular estimation should keep company with the personages represented were added; and of these Commissioner Paxton was one. On one occasion he was exhibited between the figures of the Devil and the Pope, in proper figure, with this label: p.154 "Every man's humble servant, but no man's friend." Pope-day was never celebrated after the shedding of blood at Lexington. As head of the Board of Commissioners, Mr. Paxton directed his deputy at Salem, Mr. Cockle, in 1760, to apply to the Court for the Writs of Assistance, under which the officers of the Revenue were to have authority to enter and search all places which they should suspect to contain smuggled goods. In the discussions consequent upon this application, James Otis distinguished himself, and during his great speach on the question, "Independence," said John Adams, "was born." As far as individual men are concerned, I have come to believe that Charles Townshend in England and Charles Paxton, in America, were among the most efficient in producing the Revolution. The minister was a wonderful man in every way, and as wonderful in his eccentricities, follies and vices, as in his intellect, eloquence, boldness and com- mand of the House of Commons; Paxton was a place-hunter, bought office with money, and was as rapacious as the fabled harpy. As the disputes which preceded the war increased, the visits of Paxton to London became frequent. He went there as the authorized agent of the Crown officers, to complain of the merchants for resisting the obnoxious Acts of Parliament and to care for the interests of himself and of his employers. He possessed "as much of the friendship of Charles Townshend as a selfish client may obtain from an intriguing patron"; and it is known that he was in England, and was in the counsels of that minister when his plans relating to the Colonies were devised, and presented to the HOuse of Commons. The Board of Commissioners of the Customs was established at Boston while Paxton was abroad, and he was appointed a member of it, as I think there is evidence, simply, for a pecuniary consideration. After he entered upon his duties, he was efficient and active beyond his associates. John Adams says that he was "the essence of customs, taxation and revenue"; that he appeared at one time "to have been Governor, Lieut. Governor, p.155 PAXTON Secretary and Chief Justice." From the founding of the Board of Customs, how rapid were the events that terminated in the Revolution! Paxton and his fellow- Commissioners, personally offended with Hancock, seized one of his vessels for smuggling wine, which caused a fearful mob, and the flight of the officers of the revenue to Castle William. Then came the hanging of Paxton in effigy, on the Liberty tree; then, at the instance of the Commissioners, the first troops came to Boston; then the card of Otis, denounc- ing the Commissioners by name, the assault upon him with bludgeons, in answer to it, and the increased irritation of the public mind; then the affray near the custom-house, in King Street, on the fifth of March; then the receipt of the letters sent from Eng- land by Franklin, of which Paxton was one of the writers; then the Committee of Corres- pondence, that laid the foundation of Colonial Union; then the destruction of the three cargoes of tea; then the shutting of the port of Boston; then the First Contin- ental Congress; then war - war, which cost England five hundred millions of dollars, and the Anglo-Saxon race one hundred thousand lives, in battle, in storm, and in prison, with all the discrimination between British subjects, in civil, military, commercial and political rights. In 1776, accompanied by his family of five persons, Mr. Paxton embarked at Boston for Halifax with the British Army; and in July of that year sailed for England, in the ship, Aston Hall. Potent as he was here, he seems to have lived obscurely enough afterwards. He was a pall-bearer at the funeral of Governor Hutchinson in 1780 and in June, 1781, he was seen walking with Harrison Gray, the last Colonial Treasurer of Massachusetts, near Brompton, England. I do not see his name again until 1788, when I find his death, at the age of eighty-four years, at the seat of William Burch, one of his fellow-commissioners, Norfolk County, England. p.156 James Pecker of Boston, physician. Graduated at Harvard in 1743. The Council of Massa- chusetts ordered his arrest, April, 1776. He was Vice President of the Massachusetts Medical Society. He died in 1794. Jeremiah Pecker of Haverhill, Massachusetts. Grad. at Harvard in 1757. After the Revolution, he taught a school in St. John, New Brunswick and died in that city in 1809. John Pederick, of Marblehead, Mass. Merchant. An Addresser of Hutchinson in 1774. He died previous to January, 1781. Hannah Pederick, his widow, administered on his estate. p.158 Rev. Ebenezer Pemberton, D.D. of Boston. Pastor of the Old North Church. Son of the Rev. Ebenezer Pemberton, Pastor of the Old South Church. He grad. at Harvard, in 1721 and became Chaplain at Castle William, Boston Harbor. In 1727 he accepted the call of the First Presbyterian Church in N.Y. After a ministry of twenty-two years the bigotry of some and the ignorance of others, induced him to ask dismission. He returned to Boston, one of the most popular preachers of his time. He lived to see "only a few familiar faces scattered about amongst almost empty pews." His known friendship for Governor Hutchinson, who was one of his flock, cause an imputation of loyalty, and in the course of events diminished his usefulness, and gave rise to strifes and contentions. In 1771 he was the only minister of Boston who, from the pulpit, read the Governor's Proclamation for the annual Thanksgiving. The Doctor himself began it with trembling, confused tones; and the Whigs present testified their disapprobation by "walking out of the meeting in great indignation." In 1775 his church was closed. During the siege he lived at Andover; and he never officiated, probably, after the evacuation. He died at the age of seventy-three, in the fifty- first year of his ministry. By the catalogue of Harvard University, his death occurred in 1777; in "Robbins's History of the Old North," the date is September 9, 1779. It is said of him "that he was a man of polite breeding, pure morals and warm devotion." p.166 Sir William Pepperell, Baronet of Kittery, Maine. (added because of his vast connections with Massachusetts.) Among the men of Cornwall, England, who came to America was William Pepperell, who settled at the Isles of Shoals about the year 1676, became a fisherman, acquired property, and removed to Kittery, Maine, where he died in 1734, leaving an only son of his name, who continued the business of fishing, amassed great wealth, and arrived at great honors. The second William Pepperell was born at Kittery, Maine, and when about the age of thirty-three, was elected a member of the Council of Massachusetts, and held a seat in that body, by annual election, for thirty-two years, until his death. He was also elected to command a regiment of militia, and being fond of society, and the life and spirit of every company, rich and prosperous, was highly popular, and possessed much in- fluence. Indeed, Colonel Pepperell was a man of distinguished consideration in all respects, and the leading personage of Maine. His political connections, and his ample estate, gave him access to the best circles of the capital; and his business relations required him to mingle with all classes of people who lived on Piscataqua and the Saco. He owned lands on both of these rivers, where he erected mills and engated in lumbering, and he employed hundred of men annually in fishing in the waters of Nova Scotia and Cape Breton. p.167 PEPPERELL. The Treaty of Utrecht, which secured the former Colony to the British Crown, gave France indisputed right to the latter, and the French founded and built upon it the city of Louisburg, at enormous cost, and protected it with fortresses of great strength. The walls of the defences were formed with bricks brought from France, and they mounted two hundred and six pieces of cannon. The city had nunneries and palaces, gardens, squares and places of amusement, and was designed to become a great capital, and to perpetuate French dominion and the Catholic faith in America. Twenty-five years of time and thirty million of livres in money were spent in build- ing, arming, and adorning this city, "the Dunkirk of the New World." That such a place existed at so early a period of our history, is a marvel; and the lovers of the wonderful may read the works which contain accounts of its rise and ruin, and be satisfied that "truth is sometimes stranger than fiction." Louisburg soon be- came a source of vexation to the fishermen who visited the adjacent seas, and its capture was finally seriously conceived, and undertaken. Governor Shirley of Massachusetts, in 1744, listening to the propositions made to him on the subject, submitted them to the Legislature of the State, and that body in secret session, (the first ever held in America) and by a casting vote, authorized a force to be raised, equipped and sent against it. Other New England Colonies joined in the enterprise, and the command was conferred upon Colonel William Pepperell. His troops consisted of a motley assemblage of fishermen and farmers, sawyers and loggers, many of whom were taken from his own vessels, mills and forests. Before such men, and before others hardly better skilled in war, in the year 1745, Louisburg fell. The achievement is the most memorable in our Colonial annals. Vaughan, a son of the Lieutenant Governor of New Hampshire, who was second in command, who conducted extensive fisheries, and who claimed the merit of conceiving the expedition upon the representations of his fishermen, who had ascertained the weak points of the defences, died without reward, while in England, pressing his claims to consideration; but Colonel p.168 BARONET. William Pepperell was created a Baronet in 1746, and was the only native of New England who received that honor during the whole period of our connection with Great Britian. After the fall of Louisburg, Pepperell went to England and was presented at Court. In 1759 he was appointed Lieutenant-General; he died the same year, at his seat at Kittery, aged sixty-three years. His children were two: Andrew, a son, who graduated at Harvard University in 1743, and who died under the most distress- ing circumstances in 1751, at the age of twenty-five; and a daughter, Elizabeth, who married Colonel Nathaniel Sparhawk. Lady Pepperell, who was Mary Hirst, dau. of Grove Hirst, of Boston, and grandaughter of Judge Sewall of Massachusetts, sur- vived until 1789. Mrs. Sparhawk bore her husband five children: namely: 1. Nathaniel Sparhawk 2. William Pepperell Sparhawk. 3. Samuel Hirst Sparhawk 4. Andrew Pepperell Sparhawk 5. Mary Pepperell Sparhawk. Sir William Pepperell, her father, soon after the decease of her brother Andrew Pepperell, executed a Will by which after providng for Lady Pepperell, he bequeath- ed the bulk of his remaining property to her and her Sparhawk children. Her son, William Pepperell Sparhawk was made the residuary legatee, and inherited a large estate. By the terms of his grandfather's Will, he was required to procure an Act of Legislature to drop the name of Sparhawk and assume the name of Pepperell. This he did on coming of age, and was allowed, by a subsquent Act, to take the the title of Sir William Pepperell, Baronet. This 2nd Sir William Pepperell of whom we are not to speak, received the honors of Harvard University in 1766; subsequently he visited England and became a member of the Council of Massachusetts. In 1774, when that body was organized under the Act of Parliament, he was continued under the mandamus of the King, and incurred the odium which was visited upon all the Councillors who were thus appointed contrary to the Charter. The people of his own country passed the following reso- lution in convention, in November of 1774: p.169 PEPPERELL-SPARHAWK "Resolved, - Whereas the late Sir William Pepperell, deceased, well known, honored and respected in Great Britain and America, for his eminent service in his lifetime, did honestly acquire a large and extensive real estate in this country, and gave the highest evidence not only of his being a sincere friend to the rights of man in general, but of having a paternal love to this country in particular; and whereas the said Sir William Pepperell, by his last Will and Testament, made his grandson, the present William Pepperell, Esq., residuary legatee and possessor of the great- est part of said estate; and the said William Pepperell, Esq., hath, wit purpose to carry into force Acts of the British Parliament, made with apparent design to enslave the free and loyal people of this continent, accepted and now holds a seat in the pretended Board of Councillors in this Province, as well in direct repeal of the Charter thereof, as against the solemn compact of kings and the inherent rights of the people. It is, therefore, Resolved, that said William Pepperell, Esq., hath thereby justly forfeited the confidence and friendship of all true friends to American liberty, and, with other pretended councillors now hold their seats in like manner, ought to be destested by all good men; and it is hereby re- commended to the good people of this county, that as soon as the present leases made to any of them by said Pepperell are expired, they immediately withdraw all connection, commerce and dealings from him; and that they take no further lease or conveyance of his farms, mills or appurtenances thereunto belonging (where the said Pepperell is the sole received and appropriator of the rents and profits,) until he shall resign his seat pretendedly occupied by mandamus. And if any persons shall remain or become his tenants after the expiration of their present leases, we recommend to the good people of this county not only to withdraw all connection and commercial intercourse with them, but to treat them in the manner provided by the third resolved of this Congress." The Baronet, not long after, thus denounced by his neighbors and the friends of his family retired to Boston. In 1775 he arrived in England, under circumstances of deep affliction; p.170 PEPPERELL. Lady Pepperell, who was Elizabeth, daughter of the Honorable Isaac Royal of Medford, Mass., having died on the passage. In 1778 he was proscribed and banished, and the year following was included in the Conspiracy Act. In May, 1779, the Committee on confiscated estates offered for sale, his "large and elegant house, with the out- houses, gardens and other accomodations," etc., "pleasantly situated in Summer Street, Boston, a little below Trinity Church." His vast domain in Maine, though entailed upon his heirs, was confiscated. This estate extended from Kittery to Saco on the coast, and many miles back from the shore; and, for the purposes of farming and lumbering, was of great value; and the water-power and mill-privileges, rendered it, even at the time of the sequestration, a princely fortune. The principles which applied in the case of the Morris heirs would seem to apply here, and thus cast a doubt upon the legality of the Confiscation Act, as far as the remainder or reversion- ary interest of the heirs of the first Sir William Pepperell were concerned; since it is apparently clear that the life-interest of the 2nd Sir William Pepperell could only be, or by the statute actually was, diverted and passed to the State. But however this may be, the confiscation was total; and so utter became the poverty of the last survivors of the family, that they were literally saved from the alms- house by the charity of individuals who commiserated their fallen condition. During the Revolution the Baronet was treated with great respect and deference by his fellow-exiles in England. His house in London was open for their reception, and in most cases in which the Loyalists from New England united in representations to the ministry or to the throne, he was their chairman or deputed organ of communication. He was allowed £500 sterling per annum by the British Government, and this stipend with the wreck of his fortune, consisting of personal effects, rendered his situation comfortable and enabled him to relieve the distresses of the less fortunate. And it is to be remembered to his praise, and to be recorded in re- p.171 PEPPERELL. spect for his memory, that his pecuniary benefactions were not confined to his countrymen who were in banishment for their adherence to the Crown, but were extend- ed to the Whigs who languished in England in captivity. It is to be remembered, too, that his private life was irreproachable, and that he was among the fonders of the British and Foreign Bible Society. In 1779 the Loyalists then in London, formed an Association, and Sir William Pepperell was appointed President. As a matter of curious history, the proceedings of this body may not be unworthy of preservation. The account which follows, is derived from a manuscript record in the possession of a friend. The first meeting was a Spring Garden Coffee-House, May 29, 1779, and the Baronet occuped the chair. This was merely preliminary, and a Resolution to hold a general meeting at the Crown and Anchor in the Strand, on the 26th of the same month, "to consider of measures proper to be taken for their interest and reputation in the present conjuncture," was the only business of moment which was transacted. About ninety persons met at the place and time designated; when a committee,composed of Loyalists from each Colony, was appointed, "to consider of the proper measures to be pursued on the matters which have been proposed relative to the affaires of the British Colonies in North America, and to prepare anything relative thereto, and make report at the next meeting, to be called as soon as ready." This Committee, accordingly, reported an Address to the King, which was taken up on the 6th of July, and which, having been read "paragraph by paragraph, and de- bated, was agreed on." In this document it is said, that, "notwithstanding your Majesty's arms have not been attended with all the effect which those exertions promised, and from which occasion has been taken to raise an indiscriminate charge of dis-affection in the Colonists,* we beg leave, some of us from our own knowledge, footnote. *It will be remembered that at this time the Royal cause wore an un- promising aspect; Burgoyne had surrendered and France had formed an alliance with the Whigs, and the allusions of the Address were probably to these circum- stances. p.172 PEPPERELL. and the others from the best information, to assure your Majesty that the greater number of your subjects in the Confederated Colonies, notwithstanding every art to seduce, every device to intimidate, and a variety of oppressions to compel them to abjure their sovereign, entertain the firmest attachment and allegiance to your Majesty's sacred person and government. In support of these truths, we need not appeal to the evidence of our own sufferings; it is notorious that we have sacri- ficed all which the most loyal subjects could forego, or the happiest could possess. But, with confidence, we appeal to the struggles made against the usurpations of Congress, by Counter Resolves in very large districts of country, and to the many unsuccessful attempts by bodies of the loyal in arms, which have subjected them to all the rigors of inflamed resentment; we appeal to the sufferings of multitudes, who for their loyalty have been subjected to insults, fines, and imprisonments, patiently enduring all in the expectation of that period which shall restore to them the blessings of your Majesty's Government; we appeal to the thousands now serving in your Majesty's armies, and in private ships-of-war, the former exceed- ing in number the troops enlisted to oppose them; finally, we make a melancholy appeal to the many families who have been banished from their once peaceful habita- tions; to the public forfeiture of a long list of estates; and to the numerous execu- tions of our fellow-citizens, who have sealed their loyalty with their blood. If any Colony or District, when covered or possessed by your Majesty's troops had been call- ed upon to take arms, and had refused; or, if any attempts had been made to form the Loyalist militia, or otherwise, and it had been declined, we should not on this occasion have presumed thus to address your Majesty; but if, on the contrary, no general measure to the above effect was attempted, if petitions from bodies of your Majesty's subjects, who wished to rise in aid of Government, have been neglected, and the representations of the most respectable Loyalists dis-regarded, we assure our- selves that the equity and wisdom of your Majesty's mind will not admit of any im- pressions injurious p.173 PEPPERELL. to the honor and loyalty of your faithful subjects in those Colonies." Sir William Pepperell, Messrs. Fitch, Leonard, Rome, Stevens, Patterson, Galloway, Lloyd, Dulaney, Chalmers, Randolph, Macknight, Ingram, and Doctor Chandler, compos- ing a committee of thirteen, were appointed to present this address. At the same meeting it was resolved, "That it be recommended to the General Meeting to appoint a Committee, with directions to manage all such public matters as shall appear for the honor and interest of the Loyal in the Colonies, or who have taken refuge from America in this country, with power to call General Meetings, to whom they shall from time to time report." Of this Committee, Sir Egerton Leigh of South Carolina, was Chairman. This body was soon organized. On the 26th of July, Mr. Galloway, of Pennsylvania, who was a member of it, reported rules for its government, which, after being read and debated, were adopted. The proceedings of this Committee do not appear to have been very important; indeed, to meet and sympathize with one an- other, was probably their chief employment. On the 2d of August, it was, however, "Resolved, that each member of the Committee be desired to prepare a brief account of such documents, facts and information, as he hath in his power, or can obtain, relating to the rise, progress, and present state of the rebellion in America, and the causes which have prevented its being suppressed, with short narratives of their own, stating their facts, with their remarks thereon, or such observations as may occur to them; each gentleman attending more particularly to the Colony to which he belogs, and referring to his document for the support of each fact." This resolution was followed by another, having for its design to unite with them the Loyalists who remained in America, in these terms: "Resolved, That circular letters be transmitted from the Committee to the principal gentleman from the different Colonies at New York, informing them of the proceedings of the General Meeting, the appointment and pur- poses of this Standing Committee, and requesting their cooperation and correspondence." p.174 PEPPERELL. August 11, 1779, at a meeting of the Committee, report was made that General Robertson had been "so obliging as to undertake the trouble of communicating to our brethren in New York our wishes to have an institution established there or similar principles to our own, for the purpose of corresponding with us on matters relative to the public interests of British America." Whereupon it was resolved, that, in place of the circular letter resolved upon on the 2nd, "a letter to General Robertson, explanatory of our designs and wishes, and entreating his good offices to the furtherance of an establishment of a Committee at New York, be drawn up and transmitted." At the same meeting, August 11th, Sir William Pepperell stated that Lord George Germain had been apprised of the proceedings of the "Loyalists for considering of American affairs in so far as their interests were concerned, and that his Lordship had been pleased to declare his entire approbation of their institution." The framing of the letter to General Robertson, above mentioned, seems to have been, now, the only affair of moment, which, by the record, occupied the attention of the Association. It may be remarked, however, that agreeably to the recommendation above stated, a Board of Loyalists was organized in New York, composed of delagates from each Colony. Another body, of which the Baronet was President, was the Board of Agents constituted after the peace, to prosecute the claims of Loyalists to compensation for their losses by the war, and under the Confiscation Acts of the several States. Sir James Wright of Georgia, was first elected, but at his decease, Sir William Pepperell was selected as his successor, and continued in office until the Comm- issioners made their final report, and the commission was dissolved. Sir William's own claim was of difficult adjustment, and occupied the attention of the Commiss- ioners several days. In 1788, and after Mr. Pitt's plan had received the sanction of Parliament, the Board of Agents presented an Address of thanks to the King for the liberal provision made, for themselves and the persons whom they represented, which was presented to his Majesty by the p.175 PEPPERELL. Baronet. On this occasion, he and the other Agents were admitted to the presence, and "all had the honor to kiss his Majesty's hand." As this Address contains no matter of historical interest, it is not here inserted. But some mention may be made of West's picture, the "Reception of the American Loyalists by Great Britain in 1783," of which an engraving is before me. The Sir William Pepperell, Baronet, is the prominent personage represented, and appears in a voluminous wig, a flowing gown, in advance of the other figures, with one hand extended and nearly touching the crown, which lies on a velvet cushion on a table, and holding in the other hand, at his side, a scroll or manuscript half unrolled. The full description of this picture is as follows: "Religion and Justice are repre- sented extending the mantle of Britannia, whilst she herself is holding out her arm and shield to receive the Loyalists. Under the shield is the Crown of Great Britain, surrounded by Loyalists. This group of figures consists of various characters, repre- senting the Law, the Church and the Government, with other inhabitants of North America; and as a marked characteristic of that quarter of the globe, an Indian Chief extending one hand to Britannia, and pointing the other to a Widow and Orphans, rendered so by the civil war; also, a negro and children looking up to Britannia in grateful remembrance of their emancipation from slavery. In a cloud, on which religion and justice rest, are seen in an opening glory the Genii of Great Britain and of America, binding up the broken fasces of the two countries, as emblematical of the treaty of peace and friendship between them. At the head of the group of Loyalists are likenesses of Sir William Pepperell, Baronet, one of the Chairmen of their agents to the Crown and Parliament of Great Britain; and William Franklin, Esquire, son of Dr. Benjamin Franklin, who, having his Majesty's commission of Governor of New Jersey, preserved his fidelity and loyalty to his Sover- eign from the commencement to the conclusion of the contest, notwithstanding powerful incitements to the contrary. The two figures on the right hand are the painter, Mr. West, the President p.176 of the Royal Academy, and his lady, both natives of Philadelphia." Sir William Pepperell continued in England during the remainder of his life. He died in Portman Square, London, in December 1816, aged seventy. William Pepperell, his only son, deceased in 1809. The baronetcy was inherited by no other member of the family, and became extinct. His daughters were Elizabeth who married the Rev. Henry Hutton; and Harriet, the wife of Sir Charles Thomas Palmer, Baronet. The Pepperell mansion- house at Kittery, Maine (1848) is still standing. It is plain but very large, and con- tains several rooms, some of which are spacious. It is near the sea, and lately passed into the hands of fishermen, at a very low price, and is occupied by a number of fami- lies. The tomb, which was erected in 1834, is near; and when enterred by a visitor, a few years since, contained little less than bones strewed in confusion about its muddy bottom. Among them were, of course, all that remains of the Victor of Louis- burg, who was deposited in it at his decease in 1759. His papers, (or many of them) not long ago, were seen in a building which had insecure fastenings, and packed in disorder in open casks and boxes. Nathaniel Perkins of Boston. Physician. Graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1734. When, in 1764, hospitals were established in Boston Harbor for treatment of the smallpox by inoculation, he was one of the attending physicians; as were Doctors Sylvester Gardiner, James Lloyd and Miles Whitworth, fellow-Loyalists, who are noticed in these pages. Dr. Perkins was an Addresser of Gage in 1774; went to Halifax with the British Army in 1776; was proscribed and banished in 1778 and died in 1799. James Perkins of Boston. An Addresser of Hutchinson and of Gage, and a Protester against the Whigs. In April, 1776, he was arrested by order of the Council. He died at his own house on the spot where the Tremont House now stands, in 1803, aged 87 years and was interred in the Granary Burying Ground. Houghton Perkins, of Boston. Born in that town in 1735. Went to Halifax and died there in 1778. William Lee Perkins of Boston. Physician. An Addresser of Gage in 1775. Went to Hali- fax with his family in 1776. Washington, on taking possession of Boston, ordered his stock of medicines to be seized for the use of the Continental Army. In 1778, Dr. Perkins was proscribed and banished. He died at Hampton Court, England, in 1797. He was the author of several medical publications of much merit. p.185 John Phillips of Massachusetts. Commander of Castle William (Fort Independence) Boston Harbor, Went to England and was an Addresser of the King, at London, in 1779. At the peace, accompanied by his family of four persons, he went from New York to Shelburne, Nova Scotia, where the Crown granted him one town lot. He was subsequently in Canada. He died at Boston in 1794 aged fifty-eight. Mary, his widow died at the same place the same year. p.188 David Phips, graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1741. His father was Spencer Phips, Lieut. Governor, and adopted son of Sir William Phips, the first Governor of Massachusetts under the charter of William and Mary. David Phips was Colonel of a troop of guards in Boston, and Sheriff of Middlesex County. He was an Addresser on three occasions: as his name is found among the one hundred and twenty-four merchants and others, of Boston, who addressed Hutchinson in 1774; among the ninety-seven gentlemen and principal inhabitants of that town; and among the eighteen country gentlemen who were driven from their homes and who addressed Gage in October, 1775. He went to Halifax in 1776 and was proscribed and banished under the Act of 1778. His house at Cambridge was confiscated. He died at Bath, England in 1811, aged eighty- seven years. Benjamin Pickman of Salem, Massachusetts. Was born at Salem in 1740 and graduated at Harvard University in 1759. He was a merchant, a Representative to the General Court and a Colonel in the militia. "He is very sprightly, sensible and entertaining said John Adams in 1772, - "talks a great deal, tells old stories in abundance about the witchcraft, paper money," etc. In 1774, Colonel Pickman was an Addresser of Gage. He went to England. In 1775 we find him a guest of Governor Hutchinson; and the next year, a member of the Loyalist Club, London. In 1778 he was proscribed and banished. A year later, his home ws at Bristol, England. In 1783 he was in London and saw Mrs. Siddons play Jane Shore at Drury Lane Theatre. He returned to Massachusetts and in 1787 the Legislature restored citizenship, and a part of his confiscated estate. He died at Salem, in 1819 aged seventy-nine. Gentlemen of his lineage are of great respectability in his native state of Massachusetts at the present time. Moses Pitcher of Boston. The Council of Massachusetts ordered his arrest, April, 1776. At the peace, accompanied by his family and five servants, he went from New York to Shelburne, Nova Scotia, where the Crown granted him a farm, one town and one water lot. He died at Halifax, in 1817, aged eighty-four years. p.196 Benjamin Pollard, a Loyalist, embarked at Boston for Halifax, with the British Army, in 1776. p.197 Samuel Porter, Attorney-at-law, of Salem, Massachusetts. Graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1763. His name occurs among the barristers and attorneys who addressed Hutchin- son, on his departure; and among the Salem Addressers of Gage, on his arrival. In 1776 he was a member of the "Brompton-Row Tory Club," or, the Loyalist Club, London, for conversation and a dinner once a week. The next year he visited Wales. In 1778, he was p.198 proscribed and banished. July 21, 1782, he had just returned to London from Oporto, and gave some fellow-Loyalist an account of his voyage. In 1784, one who met him said that he seemed without inclination to return to America. Curwen wrote that "neither time, climate, change of place, or circumstances, will ever alter this man's character"; and that he never knew "one whose characteristic qualities were so deeply impressed as his." Samuel Porter died at London in 1698. James Porter. Comptroller-General of the Customs, he embarked at Boston with the British Sarmy for Halifax in 1776. He arrived in England in August of that year. p.200 William Dummell Powell, of Boston. He became Chief Justice of Upper Canada and died at Toronto, in that Colony, in 1834, aged seventy-nine. His widow, Anne, died at the same place in 1849, aged ninety-four. John Powell of Boston. He was one of the fifty-eight Boston memorialists, who, in 1760, arrayed themselves against the officers of the Crown. But in 1774, he was an Addresser of Hutchinson, and in 1775 an Addresser of Gage. He went to Halifax in 1776; and in 1778 he was proscribed and banished. In 1783 he was in England. p.201 Thomas Poynton, of Salem, Massachusetts. Was one of the forty-eight merchants and others, of the ancient town of Salem, who addressed Gage on his arrival to succeed Hutchinson, JUne, 1774. He went to England the following year and died there before the peace. John Prince of Salem, Mass. Physician. An Addresser of Gage. Went to Halifax, Nova Scotia, where, in 1779, he had acquired a competency as a merchant. His wife was a daughter of Richard Derby. He returned to the United States. p.202 Timothy Prout of Boston. Graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1741. Arrested by order of the Council of Massachusetts, April, 1776. At New York in 1782, a Loyalist Associator to settle at Shelburne, Nova Scotia, with his family of five persons. Said to have died within the British lines before the peace. p.204 James Putnam of Worcester, Massachusetts. He was born in Danvers, in that State, in 1725 and graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1746. He studied law with Judge Trowbridge and settled in Worcester. In 1757 he was a Major, and in service under Lord Loudon. In 1775 he was an Addresser of Hutchinson, and the following year embarked with the Royal Army for Halifax. In 1778 he was banished and proscribed. After the division of Nova Scotia, and in 1784, he was appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of New Brunswick and a member of the Council. He died at St. John, in the last named Province in 1789. He was of the lineage of General Israel Putnam. I used to hear it said, when my home was on the frontier, that he was the ablest lawyer in all of America. John Adams, who was his student at law and boarded in his family, remarked that he possess- ed great acuteness of mind, had a very extensive and successful practice and wad eminent in his profession. The tablet erected over his remains records that his widow, Elizabeth, died in 1798, aged sixty-six; his daughter, Elizabeth Knox in 1787; his grandaughter, Elizabeth Knox in 1789, aged five months; his son, Ebenezer, in 1798, p.205 aged thirty-six years; and his great-grandson, James, in 1825, aged eleven months. The motto at the close of the inscriptions is "Vivit Post Funera Virtus." I have often stood at his grave and mused upon the strange vicissitudes of the human condition, by which the master, one of the giants of the American Colonial Bar, be- came an outlaw and an exile, broken in fortune and in spirit, while his struggling and almost friendless pupil, elevated step by step by the very same course of events, was finally known the world over as the Chief Magistrate of a Nation. James Putnam, Jr., son of James Putnam. Graduated at Harvard Univ., in 1774. He was one of the eighteen country gentlemen who were driven to Boston and who addressed Gage on his departure in 1775. He went to England and died there in March, 1838, having been a barrack-master, a member of the household, and an executor of the late Duke of Kent. William Pynchon. Counseller-at-law, of Salem, Massachusetts. Graduated at Harvard University in 1743, and died March, 1789 aged sixty-eight years. He was one of the Salem Addressers of Gage, on his arrival to succeed Hutchinson in 1774, but re- maining in the country, was not proscribed, though his property and his peace suffered from the fury of mobs. His name is also found among the barristers and attorneys who addressed Hutchinson. Katherine, his wife, survived him. His sons William and John died without issue. p.206 Samuel Quincy of Massachusetts. Second son of Josiah Quincy. Born at Braintree (now Quincy) in 1735. Graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1754. Studied law, rose to distinction, and succeeded Jonathan Sewall as Solicitor-General of the Province. His father and brothers were Whigs; and, for a time, his own sympathies seem to have been with the popular party. Influenced by his official duties and connections, he adhered to the Crown. When John Adams heard that Hancock had purchased twenty writs of him, he recorded, "Oh, the mutability of the legal, commercial, social, political, as well as the material world.! For about three or four years I have done all Mr. Hancock's business, and have waded through wearisome, anxious days and nights in his defence; but farewell." A remark of Mrs. Adams leads to the conclusion that Mrs. Quincy was not pleased with her husband's course in the politics of the time, and that he be- came a Loyalist against her advice. In 1775 General Burgoyne occupied his house in Boston. "A lady who lived opposite, says she saw raw meat cut and hacked upon the mahogany tables, and the superb damask curtains exposed to the rain, as if they were of no value." Well did Mrs. Adams add, "How much better do the Tories fare than the Whigs?" On the 25th day of May of the year last mentioned, Mr. Quincy left Boston and went to England; and soon after his arrival he saw the King robe, and from the throne assent to the American Prohibitory Bill. Early in 1776 he was a member of the "Brompton-Row Tory Club," or Loyalist Association in London, for conversation and a weekly dinner. His wife was still in Massachusetts. In a letter to her January 1, 1777, he said, "The continuance of our unhappy situation has something in it so un- expected, p.207 so unprecedented, so complicated with evil and misfortune, it has become almost too burdonsome for my spirits, nor have I words that can reach its description." Again, on the 12th of March: "You inquire whether I cannot bear contempt and reproach, rather than remain any longer separated from my family? ... You urge, as an inducement to my return, that my countrymen will not deprive me of life. I have never once harbored such an idea. Sure I am I have never merited from them such a punishment. Difference of opnion I have never known to be a capital offence; and were the truth and motives of my conduct justly scrutinized, I am persuaded they would not regard me as an enemy plotting their ruin." A year later, his name appeared in the Massachusetts Proscription and Confiscation Act. When he embarked for England he designed to be absent for a few months only; but ban- ished by the operation of the law in 1778, he turned his thoughts to official and professional employment in the West Indies, and, March 15, 1779, he communicated to a friend, at last, he had "obtained the place of Comptroller of the Customs at the Port of Parham, in Antigua." Mrs. Quincy, who was a sister of Henry Hill of Boston, died November 1782. Mr. Quincy married again while at Antigua. Impaired in health, he sailed for England in 1789, accompanied by his wife. He died at sea, in sight of the British coast. "His remains were interred on Bristol Hill. His widow immediately re-embarked for the West Indies, but her voyage was tempestuous. Grief for the loss of her husband, to whom she was strongly attached, and suffer- ing from the storm her vessel encountered, terminated her life on her homeward passage." It is not a singular that two of Mr. Quincy's brothers died, as he did, on ship- board; Josiah, the youngest one, and the father of the venerable Josiah Quincy (the elder) of our own day, was the most distinguished of the family, and one of the purest of the Whigs of the Revolutionary era. p.208 Isaac Rand, physician of Boston. He was born in 1743, and graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1761. In 1764 he settled in Boston as a practitioner of medicine and rose to great eminence. His political opinions were well known. He continued in Boston during the siege; but as he was at no time an active partisan, the Whigs did not molest him. From 1798 to 1804 he was President of the Massachusetts Medical Society. He was a man of great benevolence of character; gave both money and professional services to the poor; and whole families owed their support for years to his bounty. His manners were polished; his life in the highest degree exemplary. He died in 1822 at the age of seventy-nine. He wrote and published essays on medical subjects. p.214 Ebenezer Richardson of Boston. An officer of the Customs, and an informer against smuggled goods. Early in 1770 he was assailed by a mob, who drove him to his house, and threw stones through the windows. As some of the multitude were about to force their way into his dwelling he fired upon them and killed a boy about twelve years of age. He was seized and dragged through the streets and threatened with immediate death, but was finally taken before a magistrate, who committed him to prison. At the next term of the Court he was tried for the offence, which all the Judges were of the opinion that at most it was manslaughter, while one or more of them consider- ed the homicide justifiable; but the jury gave a verdict of murder. The Judges, how- ever suspended sentence, and certified to the Lieut. Governor, that Richardson was a proper object of pardon, and upon representation to the Ministry, an order was passed that his name "should be inserted in the next Newgate pardon," and in due time he was discharged, when he immediatly absconded. Insert: Ebenezer Richardson - Loyalist by D. Charles Richardson Charles writes: I FOUND IT. 1804 Ebenezer Richardson Ebenezer Richardson 5 (Timothy,4 John,3 John,2 Samuel1) eldest son of Timothy 4 and Abigail (Johnson) Richardson; born in Woburn, March 31, 1718; married, 1740, Rebecca (Fowle) Richardson, born Nov. 21, 1706, daughter of Capt. John and Elizabeth (Prescott) Fowle, of Woburn, and widow of Lieut. Phineas Richardson, 3 who died April 11, 1738. That Ebenezer Richardson married this woman, though much older than himself, is rendered certain by a law-suit. [See court files.] She died about 1783. On the twenty-second day of February, 1770, this man, then residing in Boston, made himself unpleasantly notorious. The British Parliament, in June, 1767, passed an act imposing duties on glass, paper, painters' colors, and tea, imported into the colonies. As Englishmen in England paid no duty on these articles, it was thought that Englishmen in America were entitled to the same privilege. The act being therefore regarded as a direct invasion of the liberties of the colonies, the merchants of Boston, in the October following, entered into an agreement not to import or sell any of the above-named articles. In this measure they were sustained by the citizens of Boston in town-meeting assembled. The movement had the sympathy and encouragement of the province in general, and of New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, South Carolina, and the other colonies. They also had encouragement and sympathy from several of the leading statesmen in England. (*) A strict adherence to the non-importation agreement was considered essential to the liberties of America; but there were four merchants of Boston, who, after entering into it, determined no longer to abide by it. For this conduct, they were, at a townmeeting held October, 1769, by name declared enemies to their country, and as deserving to be treated as such. Their names are still on the Boston records as infamous. Thus they found themselves exposed, in no ordinary degree, to the public scorn. Even the boys in the streets, as they passed their doors, pointed at them with words of contempt. Their names were John Bernard, Theophilus Lillie, John Mein, James McMasters & Co. I regret to say two women, Anne and Elizabeth Cummings, were involved in the same infamy. John Bernard was a son of Francis Bernard, the late governor. Thomas and Elisha Hutchinson, sons of the lieutenant governor, were also of the number. To give the greater effect to this proscription, posts were by the boys planted before their doors, with a hand affixed pointing at them in derision. One of these men, Theophilus Lillie, having been thus assailed, Ebenezer Richardson, a neighbor and confederate of his, endeavored to persuade a teamster, who was passing, to drive his cart against the post to break it down; the teamster refused. A crowd soon gathered; the boys chased Richardson to his house--it was at the north end of Boston, not far off; bricks and stones were thrown at the windows. Richardson, provoked, fired at random into the crowd of boys, dangerously wounding one of them, Samuel Gore, and mortally wounding another, Christopher Schneider, a poor German boy, eleven or twelve years of age, who died the next morning. This was on Feb. 22, 1770. The excitement was intense. The funeral of the boy was attended by "all the friends of liberty;" the coffin was covered with appropriate inscriptions; five hundred children, in couples, walked in front of the bier; six of the boy's playmates held the pall; his relatives followed; after them came thirteen hundred inhabitants on foot; chaises and chariots closed the procession. Boston seldom, if ever, witnessed a more impressive spectacle. The first blood had been shed; the first martyr to liberty had fallen. Thoughtful persons asked, "Where will this end?" The affray at John Gray's ropewalk, March 2d, on Atkinson Street, soon followed, and the "Boston Massacre," March 5, 1770, soon added to the general excitement, and prepared the people for a forcible and bloody resistance of the wrongs they were suffering. Richardson, on the 20th of April following, was tried on a charge of murder. A verdict of guilty was rendered. It. was murder and nothing else. Richardson, though provoked, was not at all endangered. The chief justice, Thomas Hutchinson, refused to pronounce sentence, being strongly committed to the oppressive measures of the British ministry. Richardson, after lying in prison two years, was, on application to the king, pardoned and set at liberty. (#) To reward Richardson for the service he had thus rendered to the minions of arbitrary power, one of the ships from London brought to him in April, 1773, an appointment as an officer of the customs in Philadelphia. (+) Richardson's business in Boston, at least a part of it, was to give information to the board of customs, of merchants or others who imported or sold articles on which duties had been imposed by Act of Parliament. Consequently he and his like were extremely obnoxious to the people. It was therefore prudent for him, after his release from prison, to get out of the way as soon as possible; for there was an intention to give him a coat of tar and feathers. Happily his case, so far as I know, is wholly singular in the Richardson family. His children, born in Woburn, were: 2193. Rebecca, 6 b. Aug. 4, 1741; m. 1762, Robert Homer, of Stoneham; published Nov. 10, 1761. Children born in Woburn: 2194. Rebecca (Homer), b. March 5, 1763. 2195. John (Homer), b. June 6, 1767. 2196. William (Homer), b. April 2, 1769. 2197. Jesse (Homer), b. June 26, 1785. The name Homer did not long remain in Stoneham. 2198. Lucy, 6 b. Jan. 18, 1744-5. 2199. Ebenezer, 6 b. June 16, 1746; m. first, Dec. 24, 1776, Catharine (Tufts) Wyman, widow of Nathaniel Wyman. Mr. Wyman died at Burlington, April 2, 1776. Second, Oct. 22, 1799, Kezia (Kendall) Wyman, widow of Amos Wyman, of Billerica. she was the second wife of Amos, who was born June 20, 1723, and died Sept. 19, 1797. Kezia, widow a second time, died Nov. 13, 1814, aged 75. Ebenezer lived in Billerica, and died intestate, 1808. (*) Barry's Hist. of Mass., vol. ii. p. 391. Bancroft's Hist. of U. S., vol. vi. p. 272 et seq. (#) Gordon's Hist. of Am. Revol., vol. i. p. 184. Drake's Hist. of Boston, p. 776 Barry's Hist. of Mass., vol. ii. p. 407. Bancroft's Hist. of U.S., vol. vi. p. 333. (+) Essex Gazette, May 25, 1773. http://dcrichardson.home.mindspring.com/ p.219 Joseph Robbins, a native of Plymouth, Massachusetts. He died at Chebogue, Nova Scotia in 1839, aged eighty-two years. His descendants at the time of his decease were two hundred and two; namely, thirteen children, ninety granchildren, and ninety- nine great-grandchildren. p.221 Thomas Robie, a merchant of Marblehead, Massachusetts. He went first to Halifax, and thence to England, but returned to the United States and died at Salem. His son, Samuel Bradstreet Robie, of Halifax, was appointed Solicitor-General of Nova Scotia in 1815; Speaker of the House of Assembly in 1817, 1819 and 1820; a member of the Council in 1824; and Master of the Rolls in 1825; and died at that city January, 1858, in his eighty-eighth year. p.232 Reverend Daniel Rogers, of Littleton, Massachusetts. Congregational Minister. Son of Daniel Rogers, physician, who perished at Hampton Beach in 1722, or early in the year following. The subject of this brief notice graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1725. In the Revolution he adhered to the Royal side, though with moderation and prudence - praying neither for the King nor the Congress. But his house, which is still (1847) standing, and occupied as the parsonage, was beset by the multitude, and holes made by bullets which were fired at it are yet to be seen. He died in 1782, aged seventy-five. His children were: Jeremiah Dummer Rogers, Daniel Rogers, a daughter who married Abel Willard, the Loyalist, mentioned in this work; a daughter who married Samuel Parkman, a gentleman of great wealth of Boston; and a daughter, who was the wife of the Rev. Jonathan Newell of Stow, Massachusetts. Jeremiah Dummer Rogers, son of Daniel Rogers. Graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1762 and after studying law, commenced practice at Littleton, Mass. In 1774 he was one of the barristers and attorneys who were Addressers of Hutchinson. He took refuge in Boston and, after the battle of Bunker Hill, was appointed commissary to the Royal troops that continued to occupy Charlestown, and lived in a house which stood on the site of the present Unitarian Church in that city where his grandson is now minister. At the evacuation of Boston in 1776, he accompanied the Royal Army to Halifax and died in that city in 1784. All persons indebted to the Estate of Jeremiah Dummer Rogers, Esq., late of Halifax, deceased, are requested to make immediate payment to the Administratrix, Bathsheba Rogers and all who have demands on said estate are desired to bring in their claims to the said Administratrix. His wife was a sister of p.233 the Rev. Doctor Peter Thacher, minister of Brattle-Street Church, Boston. His children were three daughters and four sons. The daughters, and Samuel, one of the sons, were Children at the time of his decease, and returned to Boston, where they were educated by his sisters, the ladies mentioned in the notice of the father. One daughter married the late David Ellis, Esq., of Boston, whose son, the Rev. George E. Ellis, D.D., of Charlestown, Massachusetts, is one of the ablest writers of the day; another married the late Dr. William Spooner of Boston; and the third, the late Jonathan Chapman of Boston. His sons John and Daniel died young. His son Samuel, merchant of Boston, de- ceased in 1832. Jeremiah Drummer, the other son, went to England, where he was edu- cated by an uncle. He became a classical tutor, and Lord Byron was among his pupils. He visited his relatives in Massachusetts in 1824, and was honored with a diploma from Harvard, of which so many of his name and family were graduates. He had become so much the Englishman as to feel strong prejudices against the civil and religious institutions of the land of his immediate ancestry. He returned to England and died at Nottingham in 1832, where a monument was erected to his memory. p.233 I include Major Robert Rogers of Rogers Rangers because he was born at Methuen, Mass. Insert: Robert Rogers and the Rogers' Rangers Quoted from "Profile Methuen, Massachusetts", copy in the Nevins Memorial Library Metheun's most famous military figure is, perhaps, Robert Rogers. Born in Methuen, the son of James and Mary Rogers, in 1731, he was baptized by Rev. Christopher Sargent on November 14, 1731. He was the founder and leader of an intrepid band of frontiersmen known as the Rogers' Rangers, who fought for the survival of New England against the raids and massacres of the French and their Indian allies. Robert Rogers of New Hampshire. He was the son of James Rogers, an early settler of Dunbarton, New Hampshire; and, disposed to military life, entered the service in the French war, and commanded Rogers' Rangers, a corps renowned for their exploits. After the peace he returned to his country and lived on half-pay. His subsequent career was one of doubtful integrity. In 1766 he was appointed Governor of Michilimackinac; and, accused of a plot to plunder his own fort and join the French, was sent to Montreal in irons. p.234 Robert Rogers. In 1769 he went to England, and was presented to the King, but was soon imprisoned for debt. As the Revolutionary controversy darkened, it was supposed that he was ready to side with the Whigs, or with the adherents of the Crown, as chance or circumstances might direct. Towards the close of 1775, it was rumored that he had been in Canada, had accepted a commission under the King, and had been through one of the Whig encampments in the habit of an Indian; his course was therefore closely watched. Doctor Wheelock, of Dartmouth College, wrote at this period, - "the famous Major Rogers came to my house, from a tavern in the neighborhood, where he called for refreshment. I had never before seen him. He was in but an ordinary habit for one of his character. He treated me with great respect; said he came from London in July, and had spent twenty days with the Congress in Philadelphia, and I forget how many at New York; had been offered and urged to take a commission in favor of the Colonies; but, as he was on half-pay from the Crown, he thought proper not to accept it; that he had fought two battles in Algiers under the Dey; that he was now on a design to take care of some large grants of land made to him; that he was going to visit his sister at Moor's Town, and then to return by Merrimac River to visit his wife, whom he had not seen since his return from England; that he had got a pass, or license to travel, from the Continental Congress," etc. Major Rogers' account of himself and his plans was probably not accurate. He actually had a pass from Congress, but he had been the prisoner of that body, and had been released on parole, and on signing a certificate, wherein he "solemnly promised and engaed on the honor of a gentleman and soldier, that he would not bear arms against the American United Colonies in any manner whatsoever, during the American contest with Great Britian." He wrote to Washington soon after leaving Dr. Wheelock, that, "I love America; it is my native country, and that of my family, and I intend to spend the evening of my days in it." p.235 MAJOR ROBERT ROGERS. At that very moment it is possible that he was a spy. In January, 1776, Washington said: "I am apt to believe the intelligence given to Dr. Wheelock respecting Major Rogers (having been in Canada) was not true; but being much suspected of unfriendly views to this country, his conduct should be attended to with some degree of vigil- ance and circumspection." In June of that year the Commander-in-Chief wrote again: "Up0on information that Major Rogers was travelling through the country under sus- picious circumstances, I thought it necessary to have him secured. I therefore sent after him. He was taken at South Amboy and brought to New York. Upon examination, he informed me that he came from New Hampshire, the country of his usual abode, where he had left his family; and pretended he was destined for Philadelphia on business with Congress. "As by his own confession, he had crossed Hudson's River at New Windsor, and was taken so far out of his proper and direct route to Philadelphia, this consideration, added to the length of time he had taken to perform his journey, his being found in so suspicious a place as Amboy, his unnecessary stay there on pretence of getting some baggage from New York, and an expectation of receiving money from a person here of bad character, and in no circumstances to furnish him out of his own stock, the Major's reputation, and his being a half-pay officer, have increased my feelings against him. The business, which he informs me he has with Congress, is a secret offer of his services, to the end that, in case it should be rejected, he might have his way left open to an employment in the East Indies, to which he was assigned; and in that case, he flatters himself he will obtain leave of Congress to go to Great Britain." In 1778 he was proscribed and banished. He was wild, improvident and extravagant. His wife, Elizabeth, daughter of the Rev. Arthur Browne, obtained a divorce. He died in England, a victim of his evil habits, about the beginning of the present century. Mrs. Rogers deceased at Concord, New Hampshire about the year 1812. His son, Arthur Rogers, died at Portsmouth, N.H., in 1841 leaving three children in San Domingo to respectable standing. Nathan Rogers of Boston, a merchant. His residence was in King (now State) Street. In 1769, he was denounced as a public meeting as "one of those who audaciously continue to counteract the united sentiment of the body of merchants throughout North America, by importing British goods contrary to the agreement." In 1770, while in New York, his effigy was suspended on a gallows and burnt. "He ordered his carriage and secretly left town at two o'clock the next morning. He is de- scribed as a man about five feet eight inches high, pretty corpulent, round shouldered, stoops a great deal, and generally appears in green and gold or purple and p.237 gold." Of the affair in New York, Lieut. Gov. Colden wrote the Earl of Hills- borough, May 16, 1770: "The party in opposition to the present Administration join with the people of Boston in measures to prevent importation, and for that purpose, stole late in the night last week a procession of the mob to expose a Boston importer, who happened to come to this place. The magistrates knew noth- ing of the design till it was too late, otherwise I believe it would have been prevented," etc. p.238 Nathaniel Ropes of Salem, Massachusetts. Was born in 1727, grad. at Harvard Univ. in 1745, and died at Salem, March, 1774 aged forty-seven years. He was representa- tive to the General Court; a member of the Council; Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, and Judge of Probate for the County of Essex; and a Judge of Superior Court of Massachusetts. He was a firm Loyalist. The night before his death, his house was attacked by the multitude, and the window and furniture demolished. Aside from his politics, John Adams says that he was an amiable man, respectable and virtuous. p.239 Richard Routh. Collector of the Customs at Salem, Mass. He was an Addresser of Gage, on his arrival in 1774. In 1776 he went to Halifax with the British Army. After quitting Massachusetts he was Collector of the Customs, and Chief Justice of Newfoundland. He died in 1801. Abigail, his widow, died at London in 1835, aged eighty-four years. His son, Randolph Isham Routh, was a Commissary-General in the British Army; his son H. L. Routh was a merchant in New York. p.240 Isaac Royall of Medford, Massachusetts. He was Representative to the General Court, and for 22 years a member of the Council. In 1744 he was appointed Councillor, under the writ of Mandamus; but was one of the twenty-six who were not sworn into office. He went to England in 1766, and was pro- scribed and banished in 1788. J. B. Bright, Esq., of Waltham, Mass., has allowed me to copy an original letter in his possession, written by Mr. Royall, at Kensington, England, May 29, 1779, addressed to the Rev. Mr. Cooke, which I use as freely as my limits will allow. He said: "I have not seen Lord North, or any of the Ministry;"... "nor have I been able to go either to the House of Lords or Commons, to hear the debates, since I have been in England."...Again: "Upon my first arrival in England, I thought it my duty to wait upon Lord Dartmouth, and accordingly did; and likewise upon Lord North and Lord Germain;"...."but the servant said they were gone out of town." .... Called a second time; "but was answered they were engaged; so I never attempted to go afterwards."...."Governor B____, and Governor H ____ came to see me soon after my arrival and I returned their visit; and soon after Governor H____ was so complaisant as to invite me to dine with him; but I did not go, and so our acquaint- ance soon broke off." Finally he expresses a wish to return to Medford, to marry again, and to be buried by the side of his wife, his father and mother, and the rest of his friends. It is pleasantly said, that "to carry on his farm, after his departure, was found to be sometimes difficult; for the honest man's scythe refused to cut Tory grass, and his oxen would not plough Tory ground." He died in England, October, 1781. He bequeathed upwards of two thousand acres of land in Worcester County to be found the p.241 first Law Professorship of Harvard University, and his bequests for other purposes were numerous and liberal. Brooks, in his "History of Medford," relates that "he loved to give and loved to speak of it, and loved the reputation of it. Hospitality, too, was almost a passion with him. No house in the Colony was more open to friends; no gentleman gave better dinners, or drank costlier wines. As a master, he was kind to his slaves; charitable to the poor, and friendly to everybody. He kept a daily journal, minutely descriptive of every visitor, topic, and incident, and even de- scended to recording what slippers he wore, how much tar-water he drank, and when he went to bed!" p.242 Timothy Ruggles of Massachusetts. He was the son of Rev. Timothy Ruggles of Rochester, was born at that place in 1711, and graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1732. He appeared in public life, for the first time, in 1736, as the Representative from his native town. Removing to Sandwich, he commenced the practice of law, though his father had intended that he should adopt his own profession. At Sandwich he married a widow, opened a tavern, and personally attended the bar and stable, but continued his pract- ice in the Courts, where he was generally opposed to Otis. He changed his abode a second time and removed to Hardwick, in the county of Worcester. Possessing military talents and taste, he attained the rank of Brigadier-General, and led a p.243 RUGGLES. of troops to join Sir William Johnson, in the war of 1755. He distinguished himself in action with Baron de Dieskau, for which he was rewarded by the gift of a lucrative place. In 1757 he was appointed Associate Justice of the Common Pleas, and subsequently was placed at the head of the bench of that Court. To the Congress of nine Colonies, at New York, in 1765, he, Otis and Patridge were the delegates from Massachusetts. Ruggles was made President of that body. His conduct gave great dissatisfaction to the Whigs of Massachusetts, and in addition to a vote of censure of the House of Representatives, he was reprimanded in his place from the Speaker's chair. He offered reasons for his course, which, at first, he had leave to insert upon the journal, but after his statement was considered, the liberty to insert was revoked. He became, as the Revolutionary quarrel progressed, one of the most violent supporters of the meas- ures of the Ministry, and he and Otis, as the leaders of the two opposing parties, were in constant collision in the discussions of the popular branch of the Government. In 1774, he was named Mandamus Councillor, which increased his unpopularity to so great a degree that his house was attacked at night and his cattle were maimed and poisoned. On the 22d of December of that year, he addressed the following note to the "Printers of the Boston Newspapers": - "As Messrs. Edes and Gill, in their paper of Monday, the 12th instant, were pleased to acquaint the public, 'that the Association sent by Brigadier Ruggles, etc., to the town of Hardwick, etc., together with his son's certificate thereof, and the Resolves of the Provincial Congress therein, must be deferred till their next,' I am so credulous as to expect then to have seen their next paper adorned with the form of an Association, which would have done honor to it, and, if attended to and complied with by the good people of the Province, might have put it in the power of anyone very easily to hve distinguished such loyal subjects to the King, as dare to assert their rights to freedom, in all respects consistent with the laws of the land, from such rebellious ones, as under the pretext of p.244 RUGGLES. being friends to liberty, are frequently committing the most enormous outrages upon the persons and property of such of his Majesty's peaceable subjects, who, for want of knowing who to call upon (in these distracted times) for assistance, fall into the hands of the banditti, whose cruelties surpass those of savages. But finding my mis- take, I now take the liberty to send copies to your several offices, to be published in your next papers, that so the public may be made more acquainted therewith than at present, and may be induced to associate for the above purpose. And as many of the people, for some time past, have been arming themselves, it may not be amiss to in- form them that their numbers will not appear so large in the field as was imagined before it was known that independency was the object in contemplation; since which many have associated, in different parts of the Province, to preserve their freedom and support Government; and as it may become necessary, in a very short time, to give convincing proofs of our attachment to Government, we shall be much wanting to our- selves, if we long trample upon that patience which has already endured to long- suffering, and may, if this opportunity be neglected, have a tendency to ripen many for destruction who have not been guilty of an overt act of rebellion, which wold be an event diametrically opposite to the humane and benevolent intention of him whose abused patience cannot endure forever, and who hath already, by his prudent conduct, evinced the most tender regard for a deluded people." The "Association" consisted of a preamble and six articles. The principal were the first and third, which provided: "That we will, upon all occasions, with our lives and fortunes, stand by and assist each other in the defence of life, liberty and property, whenever the same shall be attacked or endangered by any bodies of men, riotously assembled by the laws of the land." And, "That we will not acknowledge or submit to the pretended authority of any Congress, Committees of Correspondence, or any other unconstitutional assem- p.245 RUGGLES. blies of men; but will, at the risk of our lives, if need be, oppose the forcible exercise of all such authority." General Ruggle's plan of combining against the Whigs seems to have been the model of similar Associations formed elsewhere. During his residence in Boston (in which town he had taken refuge when the above communication to the Printers was sent to' them,) he attempted to raise a corps of Loyalists, but did not succeed. At the evacuation, he accompanied the Royal Army to Halifax, and from thence repaired to Long and Staten Islands, New York, where the attempt to embody a force for the King's service was renewed. He organized a body of Loyal Militia, about three hundred in number, but does not appear to have performed much active duty. He is named in the statute of Massachusetts of 1779, "to confiscate the estates of certain notorious conspirators against the government and liberties of" that State, and went into perpetual banishment. After many vicissitudes incident to his position in so troubled times, he established his residence in Nova Scotia. Of the beautiful site of Digby he was a proprietor. He died at Wilmot, in 1795 aged eighty-five years. General Ruggles was a good scholar, and possessed powers of mind of a very high order. He was a wit and a misanthrope; and a man of rude manners and rude speech. Many anec- dotes continue to be related of him in the town of his nativity, which show his shrewd- ness, his sagacity, his military hardihood and bravery. As a lawyer, he wa an impress- ive pleader, and in Parliamentary debate, able and ingenious. That a person thus con- stituted should make enemies, other than those which men in prominent public stations usually acquire, is not strange, and he had a full share of personal foes. In Mrs. Warren's dramatic piece of "The Group," he figures in the character of Brigadier Hate-All. Numerous descendants are to be met with in Nova Scotia, and the avocation of inn-keeper, adopted by the General at Sandwich, is (1847) not yet unknown in the family. His daughter, Bathsheba, who married Joshua Spooner of Brookfield, proved a mere wanton and a murderess. To p.246 RUGGLES. removed all obstacles to gratifying her desires for another, she hired William Brooks and James Buchannan of the "Convention troops," or Burgoyne's army, and Ezra Ross, to murder her husband. The four were tried at Worcester, April, 1778, convicted and execu- ted at that place, in July of the same year. The evidence shoed that she was depraved to the last degree. John Ruggles of Hardwick, Massachusetts, son of General Timothy Ruggles. In 1778 he was proscribed and banished. He settled in Nova Scotia and died there. His widow, Hannah, only daughter of Dr. Thomas Sackett, of New York, died at Wilmot, Nova Scotia in 1839, aged seventy-six years. His only son, Captain Timothy Amherst Ruggles, of the Nova Scotia Fencibles, died at the same place in 1838, at the age of fifty-six. Three daughters were alive in 1839. James Russell of Charlestown, Massachusetts. His paternal ancestor was Richard Russell, who settled in that town in 1640, and Treasurer of the Colony. His mother's family was also ancient and highly respectable. His father was the Honorable Daniel Russell. He was born at Charlestown p.247 in 1715 and there, except during the Revolutionary period, he passed the whole of his life. He sustained many public offices, and was a Judge. In 1774 he was appointed a Mandamus Councillor, but did not take the official oath. He died in 1798 aged eighty- three. He was not solicitous to shine, but he was anxious to do good. As a son, a husband, brother, father, neighbor and friend, he was all that could be expected or desired. His understanding was sound and practical; and, possessed of great benevol- ence and public spirit, he was incessant in his endeavors to promote the happiness and advance the prosperity of the community in which he lived. A bridge from Charlestown to Boston was among the enterprises which he projected; and he was the first person in Massachusetts, probably, who conceived that the plan of thus uniting the two towns was practicable. By his persevering efforts, the work was finally commenced and success- fully accomplished; and the Charlestown Bridge was the first structure of the kind ever built across a broad river in the United States. The Rev. Charles Lowell, D.D., the venerated Pastor of the West Church, Boston, who died January, 1861, was a grandson of the subject of this notice. James Russell, Jr. of Massachusetts. Son of the preceding. Went to England. Was in London, February, 1776, and at Exeter, England in 1779. A year later, the lucky capt- ures by a letter of marque ship had given him a competence; and he was "bound in the matrimonial chain" to Mary, second daughter of Richard Lechmere, and intended to settle at Bristol, England as a merchant. He was in London in 1782. p.248 Charles Russell, son of James. Graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1780. His wife was the only child of Colonel Henry Vassell of Cambridge, Mass. By the Banishment Act of 1778, in which he is proscribed, it appears that his residence was at Lincoln, county of Middlesex, Mass. Ezekiel Russell. Printer of Boston. Was born in that town and served an apprenticeship with his brother, Joseph Russell. In November, 1771 he commenced a political publi- cation called "The Censor," which, during its short existence, was supported by ad- herents of the Crown, and Lieut. Governor Oliver was said to have been a contributor. Loyalists of the first character gave "The Censor" both literary and pecuniary aid; but its circulation was confined to a few of their own party, and was soon discontin- ued. In 1852 the editor of "The Boston Daily Advertiser" was favored by a friend with a bound volume, small folio, from which he copied for that newspaper, an article that appeared in "The Censor," February 8, 1772, entitled "a recipe to make a modern patriot for the Colonies, especially for the Massachusetts," as follows: "Take of impudence, virulence, and groundless abuse, quantum sufficit; atheism, deism, and libitinism, ad libitum; false reports, well adapted and plausible lies, with groundless alarms, one hundred wt avoirdupois; a malignant abuse of magistracy, a pusilanimous and diabolical contempt of divine revelation and all its abettors, an equal quantity; honor and integrity not quite an atom; fraud, imposition, and hypro- crisy, any proportion that may seem expedient; infuse these in the credulity of the people, one thousand gallons as a menstrum, stir in the phrenzy of the times, and at the end of a yearor two this judicious composition will probably bring forth a A**** and Y**** an O*** and a M******* Probatum est T.N." Next, after "The Censor," Mr. Russell attempted to establish a newspaper at Salem but without success. Again he removed to Danvers; but finally returned to Boston, where he obtained support, principally by printing and selling ballads, and small pamphlets. His wife was an active and industrious woman, and not only assisted him in printing, but sometimes wrote ballads on recent tragical events, which were published, and had frequently a considerable run. Russell died September, 1796, aged fifty-two years. p.252 Richard Saltonstall. Of Massachusetts. He was descended from a most respectable and ancient family, and was the eldest son of the Honorable Richard Saltonstall, Judge of the Superior Court of Massachusetts. He descended from Sir Richard Saltonstall who came in 1630 in the Winthrop Fleet - a close friend of John Winthrop. Colonel Richard Saltonstall was born April 5, 1732 and graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1751. In 1754 he was commissioned to command a regiment, and was in active service in the French war that immediately followed. Soon after the peace he was appointed sheriff of the county of Essex, and held that office at the beginning of the Revolution. He was much beloved by his neighbors, and, notwithstanding his well-known Loyal principles, it was a long time before he lost his popularity. At length, he was compelled to leave Haverhill, the place of his residence, and take refuge in Boston to avoid the violence of mobs. He left the country in 1775, and remained in England throughout the war, until his death October 1, 1785 at the age of fifty-two. He was never married. The King granted him a pension. p.253 Colonel Saltonstall was a good man, and is entitled to the respect of all. He refused to enter the service of the Crown, and feeling, on the other hand, that he could not conscientiously bear arms on the side of the Whigs, he went into exile. His military knowledge and skill were very considerable, and it was supposed that, had he embraced the popular cause, he might have had a high command in the Whig army. In one of his last letters written to his American friends, he said: "I have no remorse of con- science for my past conduct. I have had more satisfaction in a private life here than I should have had in being in command to General Washington, where I must have acted in conformity to the dictates of others, regardless of my own feelings." His integrity, frankness and benevolence, his politeness, superior understanding, and knowledge of the world, won general praise and admiration. His remote family friends in England received him kindly, and after his decease erected a monument to his memory. His brother Nathaniel, a physician of eminence, and a graduate of Harvard Univ. in 1766, was a firm Whit. His brother, Leverett Saltonstall was a Loyalist. His sister Abigail married Colonel George Watson of Plymouth and his sister Mary was the wife of the Rev. Moses Badger, an Episcopal clergyman and Loyalist. Leverett Saltonstall of Massachusetts. He was the youngest son of Judge Saltonstall, and was born December 25, 1754. Unlike his brother Richard Saltonstall, he bore arms against his native land. At the breaking out of hostilities, he had nearly completed his term of service with a merchant of Boston. Becoming acquainted with the British officers, and fascinated with their profession, he accompanied the army to Halifax and subsequently accepted a commission and was engaged in several battles. A Captain under Cornwallis, he fell a victim to the fatigues of a camp life and died of con- sumption at New York, December 20, 1782 at the age of twenty-eight. John Sampson of Boston, Massachusetts. An Addresser of Gage in 1775. p.255 Rev. Winwood Sargent of Cambridge, Massachusetts. Episcopal clergyman. Went to England. In 1780, a fellow-Loyalist wrote - "Sargent is at Bath, half-dead and half alive; his wife is full of spirits. He died in exile before 1783. His widow, a dau. of Rev. Arthur Browne, Rector of Queen's Chapel, Portsmouth, New Hampshire, died at Bath, England in 1808. John Sargent. Merchant. Of Salem, Massachusetts. He was the second son of Col. Epes Sargent, by his 2nd wife, the widow Catharine Browne, and was born at Salem, Dec 24, 1749. His name stands first among the Salem Addressers of Gage on his arrival in 1774. He was proscribed under the act of 1778. He went to Barrington, Nova Scotia and died there January 24, 1824, leaving a numerous progeny. His wife was the widow Margaret Barnard. His mother was a Winthrop and a descendant of Governor John Winthrop. "Sigma," of the "Boston Transcript," (Hon. Lucius M. Sargent) June, 1858, relates: "I recollect an incident that occurred in the Old Brick, one Sabbath afternoon, which stongly illustrates the strength and permanency of political antipathy. My grandfather, Colonel Epes Sargent, by his 2nd wife, had two sons, Paul Dudley and John. Colonel Paul was a zealous Whig, a patriot and a soldier of the Revolution. His brother, John sided with the British. He was a Tory. A name which we have learned to treat, not only with forbearance, but with respect, when satisfied that the motives of the wearer, as was frequently the case, were as pure as those of our rebellious ancestors. John occasionally, though rarely, made a visit to my father, his half-brother. Colonel Paul's visits were more frequent. He resided in Sullivan at the head of Frenchman's Bay, in Maine. My father had always wished to reconcile these brothers, and he had no difficulty with John, whose temper was mild and genial. One Sabbath afternoon, when John, who was on a visit at our house, had accompanied us to church and we were seated in our pew, Colonel Paul, who had just p.256 arrived at the wharf, in a sloop, from Sullivan, entered the meeting-house, as Doctor Clarke was commencing his sermon. My father was very much pleased, and thought the moment of reconciliation was at hand. The brothers had not met since 1778. Colonel Paul had just taken his seat, and bowed to my father and mother, when, looking earn- estly over his spectacles, he recognized his brother John. In an instant, he grasped his cocked hat and hurried out of church. When my father and he next met, the follow- ing brief colloquy ensued: "Brother Dudley, how could you act so?" "Brother Daniel, I'll never sit down, knowingly with a Tory, in God's house nor in any other. p.258 The ball that killed Dr. Joseph Warren at Bunker Hill. Arthur Savage of Boston. An Auctioneer. In 1751 his place of business was on the north side of the town dock. In 1755 he was appointed Comptroller of the Customs at Falmouth and removed to that town. After the people began to resist the officers of the revenue he was often absent, when he confided the duties of his station to Thomas Child, the only Whig officer of the Customs at Falmouth. In 1771 he was mobbed and soon after left Boston. At the time of this outrage, the Collector was absent in England. Mr. Savage, as filling his place, had ordered the revenue cutter of the Crown to seize a vessel of Mr. Tyng's for a violation of the revenue laws, which was probably the cause of the proceeding. The Comptroller was proscribed and banished by the Act of 1778. He had abandoned the country two years previously, having accompanied the British Army at the evacuation of Boston, and embarked at Halifax for England in the ship Aston Hall, July, 1776. In 1789 or the year after, he was in London, and gave to Rev. William Montague, who was then Rector of Christ Church, Boston, a leaden ball with the following account of it: "On the morning of the 18th of June, 1775," said Mr. Savage,....."I, with a number of the other Royalists and British officers, among whom was General Burgoyne, went over from Boston to Charlestown to view the battlefied. Among the fallen we found the body of Dr. Joseph Warren, with whom I had been personally acquainted. When he fell, he fell across a rail. This ball I took from his body; and as I never shall visit Boston again, I will give it to you to take to America, where it will be valuable as a relic of your Revolution." The ball is preserved in the Library of the New England Genealogical and Historical Society. Mr. Savage died in England of apoplexy in 1801 at the age of seventy. p.259 John Savage of Massachusetts, went to England, and was there with his wife and son near the close of the war. Rowland Savage also of Massachusetts, I suppose (Sabine). His wife was in London, Jan. wt, 1781, but he was of Halifax, Nova Scotia, and had just received some official employ- ment. Abraham Savage, tax gatherer of Boston, an Addresser of Hutchinson, went to Halifax with the British Army, and was proscribed and banished. p.266 Jonathan Sayward of Maine was a member of the House of Representatives of Massachus- etts. One of the seventeen "Rescinders." p.268 Joseph Scott of Boston. In May, 1774, he was an Addresser of Hutchinson, and having in September of that year sold some warlike stores to General Gage, he fell into the hands of the people. There was much disturbance, and one account states that the Selectmen and Committee of Correspondence of Boston told him that the the act "he deserved immediate death;" but the Committee, in their version of the affair, would not appeaar to convey this impression. They, however, aver that guard was offered Mr. Scott by General Gage, but that "he was informed no military guard could save him, and would but stimulate the poeple to greater acts of violence." Mr. Scott was fortunate enough to escape personal harm, though his warehouse was injured. He seems to have remained at Boston, as in October, 1775, he was an Addresser of Gage. But at the evacuation in 1776, he accompanied the Royal Army to Halifax and in 1778 was pro- scribed and banished. In 1779, Charles Sigourney was appointed agent of his estate. Scott went to England. p.269 I find h is name for the last time, October 28, 1781, when he dined in London in com- pany with other Loyalists, at the table of Samuel Hirst Sparhawk. Freelove, his widow, died at Boston, Massachusetts in 1817, aged eighty-five years. p.272 Thatcher Sears of Conn. was descended from Rev. Peter Thatcher of Boston and was the 2nd son of Nathaniel Sears of Norwalk, CT. p.273 - Mr. Sears was the only Loyalist of his family. p.274 John Selby, Clerk of Customs. Embarked at Boston for Halifax with the British Army in 1776. Grand Secretary to the Freemen of Nova Scotia. Died at Halifax in 1804 aged sixty-three years. Robert Semple and John Semple of Boston. Merchants. Both Addressers of Hutchinson in 1774, and of Gage in 1775. Both went to Halifax. Robert Semple, with a family of three, in 1776 and in July of that year, both brothers and Robert Semple's wife were captured on passage from Nova Scotia to New York; carried to Marblehead, Mass. and thence to Boston, and committed to jail. In 1778 both were proscribed and ban- ished. John Semple died at Marblehead, Mass., in 1793, aged eighty-two years. Rev. Winwood Serjeant. Of Cambridge, Mass., an Episcopal minister. He was ordained in England in 1756 and in 1759 became Assistant Rector of St. Philip's Church at Charles- ton, So. Carolina. In 1767 he went to Cambridge, when the troubles of the Revolution drove him from his flock. In 1775 he was Chaplain to an armed vessel in Boston Harbor. He died at Bristol, England in 1780. He was twice married. His second wife, who died in 1808 at Bath, was Mary Browne, dau. of Rev. Arthur Browne. She was allowed £100 per annum by the British government. Two daughters, Mary & Elizabeth survived him. p.275 Jonathan Sewall, Attorney-General of Massachusetts. He grad. at Harvard Univ. in 1748 and taught school at Salem, Mass. until 1756; then studied law with Judge Russell, and opened an office at Charlestown, Mass. While attending Court, he and John Adams lived together, frequently slept in the same chamber. He courted the maiden he married for several years; and it was his habit to go to her father's on Saturday and remain until Monday; and Mr. Adams was generally invited to meet him on Sunday evening. And besides, the two young men were in constant correspondence. About the year 1767, Mr. Sewall was appointed Attorney-General. The friend already mentioned remarks that, as a lawyer, his influence with judges and juries was as great as was consistent with an impartial administration of justice; that he was a gentleman and a scholar; that he possessed p.276 a lively wit, a brilliant imagination, great subtlety of reasoning and an insinuating eloquence. In 1774 he was an Addresser of Hutchinson and in September of that year his elegant house at Cambridge, Mass., was attacked by a mob and much injured. He fled to Boston for refuge. His name appears among the proscribed and banished and among those whose estates were confiscated. He attempted to dissuade Mr. Adams from attend- ing the first Continental Congress; and it was in reply to his arguments, and as they walked on the Great Hill at Portland, that Famous words of Adams: Adams used the memorable words: "The die is now cast; I have now passed the Rubicon; swim or sink, live or die, survive or perish with my country is my unalterable determination." They parted, and met no more until 1788. The one, the high-souled, lion-hearted Adams had a country, and a free country; the eloquent and gifted Sewell lived and died a Colonist. It is thought that Sewall originally sympathized with the Whigs, and that he was won over to the other side by the address of Hutchinson, after some dissatis- faction with the Otises relative to the estate of his uncle, a deceased Chief Justice of Massachusetts. He is said to have adhered to the Crown at last, as did thousands of others, from a conviction that armed opposition would end in certain defeat, and utter ruin to the Colonies. In 1775, Mr. Sewall went to England and was in London previous to July 20th of that year. Early in 1776 we hear of him, in company with several other exiles, "bound to the theatre to see the Jubilee"; next as a member of the Loyalist Club, for weekly conversation and dinner; and later, as having a home at Brompton Row. In 1777 we find him at Bristol, England, and on terms with the celebrated political divine, Dean Tucker, who considered the Colonies a burden to England, and had the courage to advise the Ministry to cast them off. The next year he was at Sidmouth; but again at Bristol in 1779 and the year after. While in England he wrote to his fellow-exile Curwen, "The situation of American Loyalists, I confess, is enough to have provoked Job's wife, if p.277 SEWALL. not Job himself; but still we must be men, philosophers, and Christians; bearing up with patience, resignation, and fortitude against unavoidable suffering." The friendship between Jonathan and John Adams was never interrupted while bot men lived. In 1788 Mr. Sewall went to London to embark for Halifax - and they met at once - the Whig laying aside all etiquette to make him a visit. "I ordered my servant to announce John Adams, was instantly admitted, and both of us, for- getting that we had ever been enemies, embraced each other as cordially as ever. I had two hours' conversation with him in a most delightful freedom, upon a multitude of subjects." In the course of this interview, Mr. Sewall remarked that he had existed for the sake of his two children; that he had spared no pains or expense in their education; and that he wasgoing to Nova Scotia in hope of making some provision for them. He did not long surive - "evidently broken down by his anxieties," adds Mr. Adams, "and probably dying of a broken heart." At this time Mr. Sewall had been appointed Judge of Admiralty for Nova Scotia and New Brunswick and soon after entered upon his duties. In "McFingal" it is asked, "Who made that wit of water-gruel A Judge of Admiralty, Sewall?" He died at St. John, in the latter Province in 1796, aged sixty-eight years. I have often passed the house in which he breathed his last, and could not muse upon his fate. Esther, his widow, 4th daughter of Edmund Quincy, a lady distinguished for her beauty, vivacity and spirit, and sister of the wife of John Hancock, died at Montreal, January 21, 1810. His son, Jonathan Sewall, L.L. D., of the Executive Council, and Chief Justice of Lower Canada, died at Quebec, in 1840, ages seventy- three. His son Stephen was Solicitor-General of the same Province and died at Montreal in 1832. Samuel Sewall, great-grandson of Chief Justice Samuel Sewall and son of John Sewall of Brookline, Massachusetts, was born Dec. 31, 1745; graduated at Harvard p.278 University in 1761. He studied law, and settled in Boston. His name occurs among the barristers and attorneys who were Addressers of Hutchinson in 1774; and in the Banish- ment and Proscription Act in 1778. He went to England and in 1776 was a member of the Loyalist Club, London. Two years later he was at Sidmouth, a "bathing town of mud- walls and thatched roofs." In 1780 he seems to have lived in Briston, England; and on the 19th of June amused himself by loyally celebrating Clinton's success at Charles- ton, in the discharge of a two-pounder in a private garden; and three days after, was shot at by a footpad and narrowly escaped with his life. Early in 1782 he was at Taunton and at Sidmouth, England. He died at London, after one day's confinement to his room, May 6, 1811, aged fifty-six years. His estate in Brookline, Mass., was confiscated. p.280 William Sheaffe of Boston. Deputy Collector of the Customs. Of this gentleman little seems to have been preserved. Of his official life I glean simply that, in the reign of King George II, he frequently acted as Collector in the absence of Sir Henry Frank- land, who held that office; that, in 1759, when the Baronet Frankland was removed for inattention to his duties, he was appointed to fill the vacant place, and issued the celebrated "Writs of Assistance," to search for smuggled goods; that Roger Hale succeeded as Collector in 1762, when Sheaffe was again Deputy, and that he continued in office under Joseph Harrison, who was the last Royal Collector of Boston port. In December, 1767, his wife wrote her brother, Thomas Child, the only Whig Officer of the Customs at Falmouth, Maine: "I am in a fairway of being very sociable with the Commissioners (of the Customs), which, I think, will be no disadvantage to Mr. Sheaffe or you. There is nothing like being acquainted. People are more disposed to do for those they know, and as Mr. Sheaffe is of so backward a disposition, I am bound to exert myself more than I otherwise should do. I know there are persons who think we might live more obscure, but we shall not be governed by their opinions, as we owe them nothing, nor should we be the better for them, if we wanted their assist- ance." Mr. Sheaffe died in 1771, leaving a large family in poverty. So poor, indeed, was his widow, that the officers of the revenue in Boston proposed a subscription for her immediate relief; and, as she possessed a capacity for business, other friends suggested the opening of a shop as a means of permanent support. There is ample evidence to show that the Sheaffes were a loving, happy family and that Mrs. Sheaffe herself p.281 SHEAFFE. was an intelligent, excellent woman, and bore many trials with pious resignation. She died, I conclude, from a remark in a letter of her son Roger, in the year 1811. Of the sons, I glean something of four: Nathaniel Sheaffe, Thomas Child Sheaffe, Roger Hale Sheaffe and William Sheaffe. William Sheaffe was born in Boston in 1784 (or probably two or three years later). He went to England, in in 1788 his brother-in-law, Captain Molesworth, procured a place for him in the Revenue Service. He probably remained abroad. His son, William Sheaffe, as we shall see, was the heir of his brother, Sir Roger Sheaffe. Susanna, Mr. Sheaffe's oldest daughter who died in 1834, married Capt. Ponsonby Molesworth, a nephew of Lord Ponsonby. The family account is, that, on the day of the landing of a regiment of British troops in Boston, a halt was made in Queen (Court) Street, opposite Mr. Sheaffe's house; and that Susanna, attracted by the music and the red-coats, accompanied by her younger sisters, went upon the balcony; and that Molesworth saw her - was struck with her great beauty, gazed upon her intently and at last, said to a brother office, who, like himself, was leaning against a fence: "That girl seals my fate." The story further, is, that an introduction and visit after visit, followed, and that the maiden's heart was rapidly won. But then came the sorrow, for Susanna was barely fifteen and parental consent to her marriage was refused. Her governess, to whom she entrusted her grief, espoused her cause, and favored immediate union; and the result accordingly was, the flight of the three to Rhode Island, where the loving pair pronounced their nuptial vows. Molesworth sold his commission in 1776, and in December of that year was in England with his wife. Their married life proved uncommonly happy; and they lived to see their children's children. The papers which I use for these notices contain several letters from both, which are alike honorable to head and heart. Two extracts from the Captain's to Mrs. Sheaffe in Boston, are all that my limits will here will allow. He said, in 1784, "My recommendations from the Marquis of Lothian to the Duke of Rutland p.282 (now Lord Lieutenant of Ireland) are so strong that he cant avoid showing me great notice and regard, which will be certainly followed by preferment whenever that sort of place which would suit me becomes vacant - were my matters arranged to my satis- faction, you may be assured that a trip across the Atlantice would be our next object, provided I could procure leave to be absent," etc. Two years later he wrote: "I have take a house in the pleasantest and most healthy situation in or about Dublin, which I have furnished, and am otherwise enabled, thank God, to offer a most hearty invita- tion to you and our sister, Helen, who I conceive to be the only one unprovided for in your family. I have a genteel employment, with very little to do, under Government, which enables me to live comforably, with the prospect of a still better, with a certain assurance of £100 a year for life, in a very little time, to be settled as a pension on my wife." The child of the Molesworths best known to their friends in Massachusetts was a daughter who married a Bagot, and who in 1806, gave her uncle, Sir Roger, the following account of her family. "My eldest, Elizabeth, grandmamma's darling, and constant companion, is not quite nine years of age, but uncommonly sensible for her years. You would love her if you were to see the pains she takes to divert my mother, whenever a melancholy fit comes over her....She sill dance for her (which she does elegantly), and with a thousand little antic tricks contrives to make her laugh before she stops; but with all her wildness, her little heart is the seat of sensibility; and when alone with me, she will weep and talk of her grandpapa by the hour. I have also three boys left. The two eldest, Robert and Hale, go to school, and though Robert has three years advantage over the other, yet your little godson beats him at every- thing -he is also much handsomer, and an arch, waggish dog. My next in years is Harriet, a beautiful, sensible girl of four, but a very vixen, which costs me a great deal in birch-rods. The youngest, Daniel, not three months old - a very delicate boy, and I very much fear will p.283 SHEAFFE. will be taken away to join my four other cherubs in the realms of bliss." Margaret, another daughter of Mr. Sheaffe, was the wife of John R. Livingston, merchant of Boston, and died in that town in 1785 aged twenty-four. This lady "was adored by her connections and beloved by all who knew her." She was remarkable for beauty, so handsome, according to traditon and accounts in my possession, that "no one could take her picture." A lady of her lineage informs me that, previous to her marriage, Lafayette, who admired her, and often visited her mother, once said to her lover, "Were I not a married man, "I'd try to cut you out." and that, after his return to France, the Marquis sent her a satin cardinal lined with ermine, and an elegant silk garment to wear under it, which were long preserved in the family. In 1785 it was said of Helen, another daughter of the subject of this notice, "She is like a rosebud just opening to view; everything around her will be pleasing, and wherever she is, her placid countenance will show the serenity of her good dispo- sition. When a real lover, a man of sprit, and formed to make her happy, appears, may she accept him with pleasure, and requite his tenderness with such charms of person and conduct as will make his life as happy as hers ought to be." Helen married James Lovell, who, a Whig in the Revolution, was subsequently a Naval Officer of Boston. Their daughter Mary Lovell was the wife of Henry Loring, and now (1863) lives in Brookline, Mass. Two other daughter survive, namely: Ann Lovell, wife of Rev. Mr. Carr and Margaret Lovell, of Newton, Mass., who is un- married. There is, too, a grandson - Mansfield Lovell, who at his country's ex- pense for his country's service, is a General in the Rebel Army, and was in command at the capture of New Orleans in 1862. Nancy who married Mr. Erving, and Sally, two other daughters of Mr. Sheaffe, are mentioned in the letters of their brother, Sir Roger. Of the former, her brother- in-law, Livingston, remarked in 1785, that, "the man she loves must be supremely blest; p.284 SHEAFFE. may she make such a wife as her sister was and if her husband is not then happy, he will deserve misery supreme." Mary, the last daughter of whom I have any knowledge, died in Boston in 1814, aged seventy-five years. Sir Roger Hale Sheaffe, Baronet of Boston, Lieutenant-General of the British Army. Son of the preceding. He was born in Boston, 1763. His mother, after the death of his father, removed to the wooden house on the corner of Columbia and Essex Streets, which was owned by her father, and which, though much altered in front is still (1863) standing. Lord Percy, - afterward the Duke of Northumberland, - hired quarters there, soon became attached to Rogerand assumed the care of him. It would seem that the orig- inal intention of his Lordship was to provide for the boy in the Navy; since, Mrs. Sheaffe wrote in December, 1776, she was told "Earl Percy had taken my son Roger from the Admiral's ship, given him a commission in the army, (which I must not say I am sorry for,) and sent him to England, to an academy, for education under his' patronage." This was correct. In 1778 Roger was dangerously ill; and on becoming convalescent, passed two months in Devonshire, with his sister Mrs. Molesworth. In a letter to his mother, dated at the Academy, Little Chelsea, early in 1779, he said, "I have heard from Tom several times. Lord Percy is as good as ever. He has given me a commission in his own regiment, the Fifth, now in the West Indies. I shall not join it for a year - my kind love to my dear sisters and brothers. Remember me kindly to all my friends in Boston. You may be sure that I shall follow your advice strictly - That I may be all that you wish, shall be the endeavor of your most dutiful and affectionate son." I lose sight of Roger until May, 1782 when he was in Ireland, and when he wrote his mother thus: "I send this enclosed to my brother Tom, through whose hands I hope it will arive safe to you. May you have the satisfaction, in the midst of your afflic- tions, to bear with fortitude, my dear Mother, your present misfortunes. The time will come when p.285 SHEAFFE. you will experience happier days among your friends. My mother must be sensible that a subaltern's pay is seldom adequate to his necessary expenses; otherwise I might be able to assist her. What I had, when in England, I gave to Tom. I, by my imprudence, incurred Lord Percy's displeasure in England; but since we came to Ireland he has generously forgiven me, and made me a present of £100, to pay my debts, that the long marches and my own folly led me into; that hardly paid them, and provided me with some clothes I much needed. I am in hopes, by my good conduct, to regain his esteem; which would, perhaps, enable me to assist my Mother. If you would write a few lines to Lord Percy, thanking him for the favors he has shown your child, it would be pleasing to his Lordship - Let me know what you meand to do with Billy. Inform me where Peggy is - My best love to my brothers and sisters." In 1786 Captain Molesworth said, in a letter to his mother-in-law, Mrs. Sheaffe: "I am sorry to acquaint you that it is impossible to see you in Boston; nor do I think that Roger can give himself that pleasure without great injury to his inter- est. The Duke of Northumberland had lodged money to buy him a Company; which, when he is in possession of, he will have it in his power more fully to manifest his affection for so good a mother. He is now with us, and heartily joins us in wish- ing you here; as application could be made to Government in your behalf, and I have secured the assistance and interest of my friend and relation, the Earl of Bellamont, who will be happy to bear your Memorial, and with it his best services - Consider that this matter cannot be done unless you are here; that you will have your daughter with you; as also that you will find in this part of the world your son Hale, my wife, self and daughter, in a pleasant country; so that, you see, by leaving Boston you do not separate yourself from your whole family. Consult the opinions of your real friends, and no others." Some months after, he mentioned the subject of this notice thus: "I have not heard from my dear Roger since a little time before he left you for Canada; p.286 LOYALISTS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. I hope to God that he is well; a better young fellow does not exist." Roger's sister, Mrs. Molesworth, at the same period wrote her mother: "He is as good a young man as ever lived; Lord Percy continues his kindness to him; he improves very much, and is a great favorite with all his masters." Again: "Roger behaves re- markabley well; is much liked in the Regiment; he is tall, well made, and reckoned handsome; very lively, yet prudent and steady in matters of consequence; he wishes, as much as we do, to go to Boston." Still again: "We often build castles in the air, and go to Boston with a large fortune. How happy we should be could our wishes, in that respect, be gratified, and how happy would we make many others. I think, the, fat Sally and I would have the pot of porter together with a hearty laugh." The next date is 1791, when Lieut. Sheaffe was at Detroit; which post, the reader will remember, was still held by England, in consequence of the disagreements which arose as to the construction to be given to some of the provisions of the treaty of peace. "I leave to my dear Mother," he said, "to guess at the happiness I feel in having some- thing to communicate to her that will give her pleasure. Three days since I received two letters from the Duke, (his patron, Lord Percy, at this time was Duke of Northum- berland,) written as if you had dictated their contents; four others, which he was so good as to write, have miscarried. In his Grace's first, which is a long letter on different subjects, he expresses his surprise and disappointent at not being called on for the purchase-money of a Company, and tells me he does not think it an object for me to accept one in the new corps. - In the second letter the Duke asked, "But how come you are not to be a Captain?' and added, 'The money is ready whenever you let me hear of a purchase. You may be assured I shall watch your interest, and en- deavor to act for the best. You are to have a Governor at Detroit, to whom I shall not fail to recommend you.' Again, wrote his Grace: 'Before you receive this, I shall lodge £50 in your Agent's hands, which you draw for as you want,'" In addition to this present, the Duke wished to supply Lieut. Sheaffe with some articles of necessity. A case of drawing instruments, a few military books, and a sash were accepted. And these "I should not have prevailed upon myself to re- quest," continues Roger, to his mother, "if I could have furnished myself with them in this country - Besides the above mentioned plea in behalf of my acceptance, I thought something was due to his Grace's delicacy as well as my own; and he might have been offended with a total rejection of his proffered kindness. I ownt that the decision was not made without some struggle - twenty pounds sterling of his Grace's timely donation you may draw on Mr. E. for; - one fourth of which you will be so good as to present to my dear sister Sally, to purchuase some memento of my affection with. I received, with the Duke's, two letters from the warm- hearted Molesworth and your grandchild. Sukey wrote to you at the same time. When I got them, I rather expected to hear from Boston than any other place. If you can share it at present, let my beloved Nancy have something for the purpose mentioned, under the article - Sally. As for Helen, she must be content with a love that knows no bounds - Eliza Molesworth (subsequently Mrs. Bagot), whose account of her children appears in this notice, expresses in so pretty a manner of commencing a correspondence with Helen, and the pleasure it would give her, that I cannot avoid taxingt my sweet Helen with the task of beginning it. Her affection for me will, I trust, cause her to comply." In 1794, and before the surrender of the "Western Posts," as they were called, we hear of Lieut. Sheaffe again. The letters which follow were addressed to Capt. Williamson: "Sir, If, after the information upon which my letter of the 20th of May, 1794, was founded, any considerable doubt had remained of Governor Simcoe's invasion, your long silence without a refutation of it, and our more recent intelli- gence, forbid us to question its truth. It is supported by the respectable opinions which have been since transmitted to the Excecutive p.288 SHEAFFE. that, in the late attack on Fort Recovery, British officers and British soldiers were on the very ground, aiding our Indian enemies. "But, Sir, as if the Governor of Upper Canada was resolved to destroy every possibility of disbelieving his hostile views, he has sent to the Great Sodus, a settlement begun on a bay of the same name, on Lake Ontario, a command to Captain Williamson, who derives a title from the State of New York, to desist from his enterprise. This mandate was borne by a Lieut. Sheaffe, under a military escort; and in its tone corresponds with the form of its delivery, being unequivocally of a military and hostile nature. "I am commanded to declare that during the inexecution of the treaty of peace between Great Britain and the United States, and until the existing differences respecting it shall be mutually and finally adjusted, the taking possession of any part of the Indian territory, either for the purposes of war or sovereignty, is held to be a direct viola- tion of his Britannic Majesty's rights, as they unquestionably existed before the treaty, and has an immediate tendency to interrupt, and in its progress to destroy, that good understanding which has hitherto subsisted between his Britannic Majesty and the United States of America. I therefore require you to desist from any such aggression. R. H. Sheaffe, Lieut. 5th Regt., and Quarter Master Gen. Dept. of his Britannic Majesty's service. G. Sodus." Again, on the same day: "Sir, Having a special commission and instructions for that purpose, from the Lieutenant Governor of his Britannic Majesty's Province of Upper Canada, I have come here to demand by what authority an establishment has been ordered at this place, and to require that such a design be immediately relinquished, for the reasons stated in the written declaration accompanying this letter; for the receipt of which protest I have taken the acknowledgement of your agent, Mr. Little. I regret exceedingly, in my private as well as public character, that I have not the satisfaction of seeing you here, but I hope on my return, which will be about a week hence, to be more fortunate. p.289 SHEAFFE. I am, Sir, your most obedt. servt. R. H. Sheaffe, Lieutenant, 5th Regiment, Q.M.G.D." In 1801 he was in service in the attack on Copenhagen under Lord Nelson; and though poor, just one half of the prize money to which he was entitled was sent to his re- latives in Boston. The papers in my possession are so framentary that I lose sight of our Lieutenant until 1809, when, in a letter dated at Monteal, he wrote: "Be it known to you my dear Mother, by these presents, that I, your unworthy and beloved son, am in a state that does not justify the maternal apprehensions which appear to hve taken possession of your heart and understanding." "I hope the weather is not too warm for you and that Sally dear is better for a milder season. My love to her, to dear Helen and the rest. Kindest remembrance to all our friends; Lovells, Cutlers, Parkers, Masons - of Middle, West, South and North Boston, etc." At the capture of Little York, (now Toronto, from the French Fort Tarento) in 1813, the subject of this notice had attained the rank of Major-General, and commanded the British troops in person. He lost his baggage and papers; which, General Dearborn informed the Secretary of War, "were a valuable acquistion." The American General, in his despatch of April 28th, charges, that, when the head of his "columns was within sixty rods of the enemy, a tremendous explosion occurred, from a large maga- zine prepared for the purpose, which discharged such immense quantities of stone as to produce a most unfortunate effect on our troops." He then estimates, or fears, that the loss by this alleged murderous arrangement must exceed one hundred; and that among the slain he has to lament General Pike, "who received such a contusion from a large stone as terminated his valuable life in a few hours." British officers deny the accusation here made, and aver that the explosion was accidental; and they prove the statement by the fact, that sixty or seventy of his own men perished with the American. At this period, Lieutenant-Geneal Scott was a Colonel and a prisoner; and General Sheaffe related to him some of the p.290 SHEAFFE. circumstances of his military life: in substance, that in 1775, he was living in Boston with his widowed mother, with whom Earl Percy had his quarters; that his Lordship was very fond of him, and took him away with a view of providing for him, which he did, by giving him a military education, and by purchasing comm- issions and promotion to as high rank as is allowed by the rules of the service; and that the war then existing found him stationed in Canada. He stated, more- over, that, reluctant to serve against his own countrymen, he had solicited to be employed elsewhere; but at that time his request had not been granted. In April 1813, within a week of the fall of Little York, we have a letter from his wife's mother to her niece, Miss Child, dated at Quebec. "It is possible," she remarked, "you may not have heard that your cousin, Sir Roger Sheaffe, has had the title of Baronet of Great Britain conferred on him by our Prince Regent: a handsome compliment, which I trust will be followed by something substantial to support it." Sir Roger "is so pressed by public business as to allow him scarcely time to attend to his private concerns." "My dear Margaret is still in Quebec with her lovely little Julia, as Upper Canada, at present, is the seat of war - Her elevation of rank has not in the least deprived her of her native humility and meekness. The manner it was announced to her was rather singular. She was met by a gentleman in the street, as she was going to church, who hardly passed her, before he turned about and accosted her by the title of "Lady Sheaffe;' and put a letter in her hand from the Duke of Northumberland, addressed to 'Lady Sheaffe,' which she received with her usual equanimity." Parts of several letters from Sir Roger to his cousin, Miss Susan Child of Boston, which I use here, will give the reader informaiton of interest. The first was written in Canada, in September, 1811, and prior to the events just recorded. "My heart," he said, "acknowledges with the utmost warmth all the kind and affectionate attentions bestowed on my dear departed Mother, which must have con- p.291 SHEAFFE. tributed so essentially to her aid and comfort." Again: "I have relinquished the command of the 49th Regiment, and with it, at least half my income. The expectation of my friends here that I should be placed on the Staff (that is, be employed as a Major-General) has not been realized; for, to their surprise and my mortification, a younger officer at home has been appointed." In November of the same year, he wrote at Quebec: "I cannot but approve of the distribution of my Mother's effect - The watch may be sent to me by the first convenient opportunity; the pictur of myself, I transfer to sister Sally; the others, I request that Mr. Lovell will take into safe keeping." In the same letter he speaks of his pecuniary affairs thus: "In the present reduced state of my income, I am compelled to draw the whole of it for my own use, but I have hopes that in a short time I shal be enabled to send a remittance to Boston, to discharge my debt to T. C. Amory, and to gratify my desire to furnish to sister Sally dear a solid proof of my affection." In 1825 his home was in Edinburgh, and, disappoint- ed in not seeing a "little party from our town" (Boston) who called, but found Lady Sheaffe and her three children sick, he consoled himself with the thought of meeting "Mr. Palfrey (Hon. John G. Palfrey, of Boston) at dinner tomorrow at Mr. Constables's, who has a house near us in the country." Again, at Edinburgh in 1829: "My friends in general seem to have expected that the Duke of Northumberland's recent appointment would be productive of benefit to me; but it unfortunately happens that he has nothing in his gift suitable to a military man of my rank: he has asked for a Regiment or Government for me, and it is probable, with my admitted claims, that I shall get one or the other, if I do not give them the slip too soon; my health has not been very good of late years." etc etc. In 1841: "You refer to past melancholy events, on which I do not wish to dwell. The year 1834 was indeed a sad one: in it we lost the last of our children; and in the same year died my sister Moles- worth; a brother of Lady Sheaffe's; my late brother William's eldest son, p.292 SHEAFFE. named for me, a Captain in the Army; and also Lord Craigie, the brother of your cousin, Mrs. Craigie's husband, and the chief stay of her numerous family - an income of £2000 a year have died with him." His own health at this period had improved, for - "I retain a good share of activity, as well as of erect military carriage; my sight is good; my teeth in a state to create envy in a majority of American misses; my appetite never fails; and I sleep well." In January, 1842 he spoke of William, eldest surviving son of his brother William, thus: "He is my natural heir; and having adopted him when he was ten years of age, and, it having pleased God to take all my children from me, I regard him as a son. He has a dear little wife, worthy of him." Of the nine remaining years of Sir Roger's life I know nothing. He died at Edinburgh in 1841 aged eighty-eight years. He visited Boston, his native town, four times; namely, in 1788, in 1792-3, in 1803 and in 1806. The incidents which are preserved of these reunions with his kindred show that he was respected and loved to a very remarkable degree. One of his kinswomen, who saw him first on his second visit, and who still survives (1864), thus speaks of him. "He was, indeed, the idol of family and friends. His heart was as tender and affectionate as a woman's, joined to the noblest principles of honor and generosity. His disposition was cheerful, and his manner often playful. He was of middling stature, and his person was well formed. His face was fine, his eyes of the deepest blue, full and prominent; and his teeth were of the purest white, regular and even, and were retained to a late period, if not to the close of his life. Lady Sheaffe was Margaret, daughter of John Coffin and a cousin of Lieutenant- General John and of Admiral Sir Isaac Coffin. She was the mother of four childrne, who, as we have just seen, died before her husband. The remains of Sir Roger's father and mother, of his brother Thomas Child, of his sisters Helen, Sally, Nancy and Margaret and of others of his lineage, were deposited in the Child Tomb, Trinity Church, Boston. p.293 SHEAFFE. To Miss Isabella Child, of Cambridge, Mass., to my excellent and nearest neighbor, Thomas Hale Child of Roxbury, and to Miss Mary P. Hale of Boston, who are relatives of the Baronet, I am indebted for the several papers used in the notices of the Sheaffes. As once mentioned, these papers are fragmentary; but they are still valu- able. I have not felt at liberty to quote from some of the most interesting of the letters, because of the private nature of the contents, but my selections are sufficient, and of a character, I trust, to show that the members of this Loyalist family were good and affectionate. The absence of bitter words against the Whigs and undue lamentations in misfortune or suffering, is very marked throughout. Nathaniel Sheaffe of Boston. Oldest brother of Sir Roger. He was a clerk in the Custom-House for some time; but, at the death of his father in 1771, he probably left, in order to better provide for his mother and sisters, of whom he had the care. In December, 1776, Mrs. Sheaffe said: "Nat was well in Jamaica, last October, doing business, and where I am told he intends to stay till the times will permit him to come here; am only uneasy about his health, though he has been a good deal in the West Indies, and never was better." On the 29th of January following, Mrs. Fitch, who had been in Boston, but belonged to Jamaica, announced to Mrs. Sheaffe, that "her truly amiable and worthy, son Nathaniel, died on the 25th inst., on his passage to Hispaniola, and was buried in the churchyard at Morant Bay, in this island." Thomas Child Sheaffe of Boston. Brother of Sir Roger. In 1779, he was in New York, and, as his mother was informed, was "about setting up business there." In July, 1783, she wrote her brother, for whom this son was named: "We have just received a letter from Tom, dated June 13th, Cape Francois. He left Charlestown soon after they heard of peace, with a cargo for the West Indies, and to bring rum to some port on his way home; but he now writes he shall return to Charleston to settle some matters and then come home." Mr. Sheaffe died in Boston previous to the year 1793. p.297 Ambrose Sherman. In 1782 he was a Lieutenant in the Royal Fencible Americans, and Surgeon's Mate of that corps. He settled in New Brunswick and received half-pay. His wife was Miss McLane of Boston. He was drowned at Burton. Richard Sherman of Boston. Was proscribed and banished in 1778. He died at New York in 1783. p.302 Daniel Silsby of Boston. An Addresser of Hutchinson in 1774. In 1776 he was in England. In 1778 he was proscribed and banished. He died at Flanders in 1791. Richard Silvester of Massachusetts. The last Royal officer of the Customs at Cape Ann, or Gloucester. Arrested, and held prisoner at large, without any allowance; and, destitute of employment and of money, he applied to the Council for leave to depart the State. His request was granted in October, 1776. William Simmonds. In 1776 he embarked at Boston with the British Army for Hali- fax. He may have settled in New Brunswick. The son of a Loyalist of Massachusetts remembers that a fellow-exile of his father's, of this name, died on the river St. John, about the year 1790. p.303 Jonathan & John Simpson of Boston. Jonathan Simpson graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1772; was an Addresser of Hutchinson in 1774; was proscribed and banished in 1778; and was a Commissary of Provisions in the British Army. He returned to Boston and died there in 1834, aged eighty-four years. Of Fohn Simpson, four incidents are recorded. He was at Providence, Rhode Island on business, just before the controversy came to blows; and finding one morning that his doors and window-shutters had been tarred and feathered, he hastened back to Boston. In 1776 he embarked with the British Army for Halifax, accompanied by his family. Later in the war, I suppose, he was of South Carolina, since it is certain that John Gray of Boston, purchased a plantation there of which he was half-owner. The fourth item, as will be seen relates to Jonathan as well as to him: "Resolve, granting $3000 to Joseph Barrell, June 21, 1797. Whereas Samuel Henshaw and Samuel Barrett, Esq'rs, did, in June 1782, on behalf of said Commonwealth, and as their agents for the sale of absentees' estates, convey, by deed, to Joseph Barrell, two thirds of a cetain store, and the land under and adjoining the same, as the estate of John and Jonathan Simpson, late of Boston, and absentees; and whereas the said Barrell has been ejected from part of the same by a judgment of the Supreme Judicial Court, as set forth in said Barrell's petition; therefore, "Resolved, That there be allowed and paid out of the Treasury of the said Commonwealth, three thousand dollars to the said Joseph Barrell, in full for the damages he has sus- tained by reason of his having been ejected from a part thereof, as aforesaid. Which sum, when paid, shall be in full of all claims and demands of said Barrell on the Commonwealth relating to the premises." p.310 Henry Smith of Boston. Merchant. Son of William Henry and Margaret Lloyd Smith, was born in 1735. Connected in business with his uncle, Henry Lloyd, and with the contract- ors for supplying the Royal Army at Boston, he went to Halifax with his family, at the evacuation in 1776, where he lived unemployed nine years. He returned in 1785, and was "gladly received by the Governor and other authorities." He died in Boston in 1801, in his sixty-sixth year. His wife was a widow, of the name of Elizabeth Draver, who deceased in 1797. His son, Henry Lloyd, died in 1802, four days after his marriage to Susannah Morris. His daughter Catherine was the wife of Joseph Whitney of Boston, and died in 1809; and Rebecca, another daughter, married Nathaniel McCarty, son of a minister of Worcester. His other children were Anna, who married Rev. Charles Wellington, D.D. of Templeton, Massachusetts; two Elizabeths, two Margarets and William. Three of the nine were born in Halifax. Not one is living now. The second Elizabeth, who survived all the others, died unmarried in Boston in 1855, aged 82. His brother, Oliver, an apothecary p.311 SMITH. and druggist, who removed to Boston, at the insistance of his uncle, Dr. James Lloyd, and who died in that city, in 1797, deserves mention here, for his exertions (in connection with the Rev. Dr. Stillman) to found a Medical Dispensary, and for his services in planting trees on the Common. Isaac Smith. Graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1767, and was subsequently connected with that institution as a tutor. He went to England. Early in 1776 he was a member of the Loyalist Club, London, for a dinner weekly, sometimes called the "Brompton- Row Tory Club." He seems to have gone first to Exeter, but before August of the year just mentioned, was in charge of a congregation at Sidmouth, a famous watering-place of the time. In 1778 he communicated to some fellow Loyalists the provisions of the Massachusetts Exclusion Bill, "whereby all who left New England after April 19, 1775, are forever banished and their estates forfeited"; and June 24th of that year he was ordained at Sidmouth. He held that every man has an absolute right to unlimited tolera- tion, be his principles what they may. In 1780 we find him at Bath and Bristol; and in 1784, engaged to pass an evening with the "Dr. Franklin Club," at London Tavern. He returned to Massachusetts and in 1787 the Legislature admitted him to citizenship. At a later time he was Precepter of Dummer Academy at Byfield. He died in 1829. Titus Smith, a native of Hadley, Massachusetts. He embraced the views of Robert Sande- man, and became an Elder in the Sandemanian Church. He went to Halifax, Nova Scotia and died there in 1807. Lydia, his widow, died at the same place in 1818. Rev. Jedediah Smith of Granville, Mass. Congregational Minister. He graduated at Yale College in 1750, and was ordained at Granville in 1756. Opposed to the Revolution, and entertaining some religious views which excited opposition, "he had a stormy time for years, but was not dismissed until April 16, 1776." With "his numerous family, one son excepted," he embarked for Louisiana. "In going up the Mississippi, he was attacked with a fever, and in a p.312 SMITH. delirium leaped overboard. He was rescued, but died in September, 1776, aged fifty years; and "was buried on the bank of the river, at a point which was subsequently swept away." Captain Smith, of Plymouth, Massachusetts. Pilot of the armed ship, North. Perished, with one hundred and sixty-four others near Halifax, Nova Scotia, December, 1779. Five persons only were saved. Smith's wife and eight children were at Plymouth. Bowen Smith of Massachusetts. Son of Hon. Josiah Smith of Pembroke. Died at Shediac, Nova Scotia in 1836. p.320 Jonathan Snelling of Boston. Colonel and Commander of the Governor's Guard. His father, Jonathan Snelling, was Captain of the Caesar of twenty guns, in the first (1745) expedition against Louisbourg. The subject of this notice was himself a commission- merchant of extensive business, and owned and occupied a warehouse on the corner of King (now State) and Exchange Streets, - the present site of the Mercantile Marine Insurance Office, and lived opposite p.321 SNELLING. Doctor Eliot's (late Dr. Parkman's) Church, Hanover Street. In 1774 he was an Address- er of Hutchinson, and, in a letter to a commercail correspondent, said: "For my part, I never interested myself in political affairs, nor concerned myself in any of our public disputes, but hearing from undoubted authority that our late Governor was in great esteem with his Majesty and the Court of Great Britain, and would be the like- liest man to get our difficulties removed, and seeing what distressing times were coming upon us, and so many gentlemen whom I esteem worthy judges having signed before me, I signed, with the sincere motive of doing good to my native country." A year later he was an Addreser of Gage. In 1776 he went to Halifax, with his family of five persons; and in 1778 he was proscribed and banished. He died at Halifax in 1782. His widow, and his son Samuel, a youth of seventeen, returned to Boston, to find the whole of the family property confiscated. Jonathan, the eldest son, who married a daughter of Judge Foster Hutchinson (brother of the Governor,) and whose son, William H. Snelling, was Deputy Commissioner-General in the British Army, re- mained at Halifax, and died there in 1809 aged fifty-one years. Samuel died in Boston in 1836; his widow Elizabeth, daughter of Deacon Moses Grant; born in Boston, May, 1769, deceased in her native city in 1859. p.323 Samuel Hirst Sparhawk of Kittery, Maine. He graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1771. He was in Boston in 1774 and 1775, and was an Addressor of both Hutchinson and Gage. Sub- sequently he went to England with his family of four persons. He died in 1789. The second Sir William Pepperell was his brother. Nathaniel Sparhawk of Salem, Massachusetts. Graduated at Harvard University in 1765. He was appointed to the Council in 1773 but declined. He died in 1814. p.324 Marshall Spring of Watertown, Massachusetts. Physician. He graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1762. A relative bequeathed him a large estate, which he retained and in- creased. At the Revolution he was in full practice, and mostly in Whig families. But he expressed his opposition to the popular movement without fear or disguise. He was often summoned before the "Committee," and always obeyed; for, as he said, in irony, "they now stand in the place of my King, and it was a fundamental principle that the King can do no wrong." Such indeed, was his notorious Toryism that he would have been sent out of the country, probably, "but for the exigencies of the ladies." In the party divisions of a later period, he was a Democrat. Charged with his inconsistency, he replied, "that his Majesty reigned by the grace of God, and the Whigs had taught him that vox populi was vox Dei." He was a great wit, and the wits of his time took much pleasure in his society. He was a member of the Convention of Massachusetts which adopted the Federal Constitution of Massachusetts and of the Executive Council of the State. He died in 1818, aged seventy five years. An only son inherited his property, estimated at a quarter of a million dollars. p.328 Jonathan Stearns of Massachusetts. He graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1770. Removing to Nova Scotia with the British Army in 1776, he was appointed Solicitor-General of that Colony in 1797 but died the following year and was succeeded by James Steward. His wife was a daughter of Thomas Robie, a Loyalist, who is noticed in these pages. Before leaving the U.S. Mr. Stearns was driven from his residence and was one of the eighteen country gentlemen who were arrested and committed to jail in Boston. Insert: His origins: p.466 Jonathan Stearns, Loyalist-his Watertown, Mass. Ancestors Bond's Watertown Rev. David Stearns b. Dec 24, 1709; Harvard Coll., 1728; minister of Lunenburg; died Mar. 9, 1761; son of John Stearns and Abigail Fiske of Watertown. He was ordained at Lunenburg April 18, 1733; m. April 7, 1736, Ruth Hubbard, a lady highly distinguished by the vigour of her mind and the virtues of her heart. After the death of Rev. Stearns (Mar. 9, 1761), she m. (2) Nov 9, 1768, Rev. Aaron Whitney of Petersham, a grad of Harv. Coll. 1738, son of Moses Whitney of Littleton. Mr. Whitney died 1779 and his widow died Nov 1, 1788 aged 72 in Keene, N.H. where she was residing with her daughter, Mrs. Newcomb. The following inscription is a good evidence of the respect and affection of his people towards him - Tombstone of Rev. David Stearns at Lunenburg, Mass.: "This Monument Erected by the town of Lunenburg, Is sacred to the Memory of The Rev. David Stearns Their much beloved and respected Pastor, Who Departed this life in the joyful expectation of A better, on the 9th day of March, A.D. 1761. "In his private capacity, he was a kind husband, a tender parent, an affectionate brother and a faithful friend. In his ministerial character, his conversation was pure, enter- taining, and instructive; his doctrine plain and scriptural, and his life truly exemplary. He was adorned with hospital- ity, with singular prudence, and a most endearing benevol- ence; with a good knowledge of men and things; with a fervent zeal for the glory of Christ, and the salvation of souls, and was governed by the united influence of these accomplishments. Help, Lord, for the godly man ceaseth." Children: 1. Ruth Stearns b. Jan 3, 1736/7; m. March 24, 1757, Benjamin Reddington of Lunenburg by whom she had ten children. About 1797, the family moved to Langdon, N.H., where she died 1798 and he d. 1811 aged 82. 2. Rebecca Stearns b. Nov 4, 1738; m. July 10, 1758, Thomas Sparhawk, Esq., born in Cambridge, 1737; grad. Harv. Coll. 1755; settled first in Lunen- burg and in 1769 moved to Walpole, N.H. They had eight children. p.467 3. Abigail Stearns b. July 6, 1740; m. Sept 1, 1763, Rev. Ebenezer Sparhawk b. June 15, 1738; son of Noah and Priscilla Sparhawk of Cambridge; grad. Harvard Coll. 1758 and settled in Templeton, Mass. She d. April 21, 1772 leaving four children. 4. Elizabeth Stearns b. April 20, 1742; d. August 1800; m. June 5, 1765, Rev. Zabdiel Adams of Quincy by whom she had 11 children. Rev. Adams was successor of her father in the Church of Lunenburg. 5. David Stearns b. jan 8, 1743/4. 6. Lucy Stearns b. Nov 16, 1745; d. February 21, 1750. 7. Jonathan Stearns b. Nov 2; died Nov 12, 1747. 8. Hannah Stearns b. Nov 14, 1748; d. Feb 1, 1784; m. 1772, Aaron Whitney, Jr. a merchant of Northfield, Mass. 9. Mary Stearns b. Mar 9,; d. the 19th, 1749/50. 10. Jonathan Stearns (again) b. April 19, 1751; grad. Harv. Coll. 1770; died in Halifax, Nova Scotia May, 1798. - Loyalist 11. John Stearns b. April 20, 1753; died in the Revolutionary Army at at Cambridge, August 22, 1775, where may now be seen his gravestone. 12. Thomas Stearns b. March 8, 1756; died unm. 13. Sarah Stearns b. April 25, 1758; m. Hon. Daniel Newcomb of Keene, N.H. Transcribed by Janice Farnsworth p.328 AMERICAN LOYALISTS BY LORENZO SABINE. Thomas Steele of Leicester, Massachusetts. Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for the County of Worcester. He was the son of Thomas Steele, born in Boston, and grad. at Harvard Univ. in 1730, the fourth of his class. He became a merchant. He served his town as Clerk, and as Representative in the General Court. In 1756 he was eleva- vated to the Bench, and remained so until the Revolution. The evidence is, as ex- amined by Governor Washburn (the historian of Leicester) "that he was a man of high respectability of character," and that he "possessed the confidence of his fellow- citizens, though differing from them in his political sentiments." On the same authority, I add that he was probably the only Loyalist in that town. Four of Judge Steele's were married: one to the Hon. Joseph Allen; another to Dr. John Honeywood; a third to Dr. Edward Rawson; the last to a Mr. Hitchcock of Brookfield. Mary died single. His two sons were Thomas and Samuel Steele. p.330 John Stevens of Charlestown, Mass. Graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1766. Arrested by order of the Council in 1776. Was at St. John's, New Brunswick at the peace. Died in 1792. Adam Steward of Boston. In September, 1777, he was seized in that town, fastened to a cart and carried to Roxbury where another party conveyed him to Dedham. The p.331 object was to "cart him" through every town in Massachusetts, and drive him to join the British in Rhode Island. He died prior to November, 1778. Sarah, his widow, was exutrix of his Will. p.333 Jonathan Stickney, Jr. of Rowley, Mass. Sent prisoner to the Council in 1776, by the Committee of that town, with the testimony against him. One witness said that Stickney declared he would not fight for the King; and that he thought the General Court the most ignorant body of men God ever permitted to transact so important business. A second averred that he called the Continental Congress a pack of rascally villains. Another, that he declared that most of the colonies had rebelled without any provo- cation; that he wished the leaders of the rebellion might become turn-spits to the nobility of England; and that those who destroyed the tea were damned rascals. A fourth, that he said he should be glad to see the blood streaming from the hearts of the authors of the difficulties, etc., etc. On the 18th of April, Stickney was committed to jail in Ipswich, on the warrant of the Council and House, and forbidden the use of pen, ink and paper, and conversation with any person whatsoever, unless in hearing of the jailor. The Legislature, on his petition, passed a Resolve for his release, on condition that he paid the costs of his apprehension and imprisonment, and gave a free and full promise to observe, for the future, strict decorum in his words and actions, and otherwise demean himself as a good citizen. p.334 Benjamin Stockbridge of Marshfield, or Scituate, Mass. Physician. Fled to Boston in 1775; but returned home, and placed himself at the mercy of the Whigs. Committed to Plymouth jail; petitioned the Council to release him. October, 1776, was discharged, on condition of paying the expenses of his imprisonment and of confining himself to his own estate, except with the leave of the Whig Committee, and to attend public worship. p.336 Solomon Stoddard of Northampton, Massachusetts. He was born in 1736 and graduated at Yale College in 1756. He studied law, and settled at Northampton. At the begin- ing of the Revolution he was Sheriff of Hampshire County, and was "somewhat obnox- ious because of his conscientious adherence to the cause of the Crown." He was a man of strict integrity, and of courtly manners. He died at Northampton in 1827, aged ninety-one years. The mother of Jonathan Edwards was of his lineage. The Rev. David Tappan Stoddard, the much-loved missionary to the Nestorians, who died in 1857 was a grandson. Israel Stoddard. A Major in the Militia of Massachusetts. When in 1775, Graves and Jones were committed to Northampton Jail, and placed in close confinement, on a charge of improper communication with Gage at Boston, a hue-and-cry was raised against him, and he fled to New York for safety. I suppose he belonged to Pittsfield. "Our Tories," says a writer of the time, of that town, "are the worst in the Province." Samson Stoddard of Chelmsford, Massachusetts. Graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1730. He died in 1777. p.337 William Story of Boston, Mass., Register of the Court of Vice-Admiralty. In 1765 a mob assaulted his house, broke open his office, burned his official books and papers and destroyed his furniture. Cornelius Stowell. Lieutenant of Militia, of Worcester, Mass. Returning at night, early in 1775, from a visit to a neighbor, who was suspected of desertion from the popular cause, he was knocked down and badly bruised and wounded, because he was known as a true friend to Government, and was supposed to exercise an influence upon the p.338 political course of a neighbor, at whose house he had passed the evening. Lot Strange, 3rd. Of Freetown, Massachusetts. Was proscribed and banished in 1778. He died at or near St. John, New Brunswick about the year 1819. p.346 Joseph Taylor of Boston. Merchant. Graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1765. Went to England, and was a member of the Loyalist Club, London, in 1776. Proscribed and banished in 1778. Returned to Boston and died there in 1816, aged seventy-one years. Nathaniel Taylor, of Boston, Mass. Deputy Naval Officer. Addresser of Gage in 1775; went to Halifax in 1776; proscribed and banished in 1778. Died at Quebec, in 1806, aged seventy-two years. John Taylor of Boston. Addresser of Hutchinson in 1774, and a Protester against the Whigs the same year. In 1775 he was an Addresser of Gage. He died previous to January, 1780. William Taylor. Merchant. Of Boston. An Addreser of Hutchinson in 1774 and of Gage in 1775. He went to Halifax in 1776. In 1778 he was proscribed and banished. A person of his name, formerly of Boston, died at Milton, Mass. in 1789 and another at Shelburne, Nova Scotia, in 1810, aged seventy-three years. Gillam Taylor of Massachusetts. Abandoned the country. Was in Boston in 1794 and complained, in a published card, of the persons who had "pretended to act in his affairs during his absence" and of the injustice of those who had attempted to de- prive him of liberty, property and good name. He died at Halifax, Nova Scotia in 1843 aged eighty-six years. p.349 Robert Temple of Massachusetts. In 1775 he took passage at Boston for London, but the vessel in which he embarked proving leaky, the captain put into Plymouth, Massachusetts to refit. While at Plymouth, in May 31, 1775, Mr. Temple addressed the following letter to the Committee of safety: "I, Robert Temple of Ten Hills, near Charlestown, New England, do declare that I have received no injury to my property, nor have I been under any apprehensions of danger to either my person or property from the troops that are under the command of General Ward; but it is a fact that I have been so threatened, searched for, attacked by the name of Tory, an enemy to this country, and treated in such a manner that not only my own judgment, but that of my friends, and almost the whole of the town where I lived, made it necessary for me to fly from my home. I am confident that this is owing to the wickedness of a few, who have prejudiced some short-sighted people against me, who live too far from my abode to be acquainted with my proper character. I am confirmed in this opinion from the kind protection that my wife and family have received, and continue to receive from General Ward, as well as from the sentiments which the Committee of Safety have been pleased to entertain of me. - R. Temple." He was at New York, Aug. 13, 1776, and Sir William Howe asked Washington if he had any objection to his landing and proceeding thence ot Massachusetts. As he was represented as "a high-flying Tory," he was made prisoner at Plymouth and sent to the camp at Cambridge. His papers were also secured, and among them were found several letters from officers of the Royal Army at Boston to friends at home. He arrived in Bristol, England with his family, August, p.350 1780; and gave such an account of the "Dark-day," to the Loyalists there, as to con- vince them that the wonders of which they had heard were "literally true." It appears that the ship in which he was passenger sailed under a flag of truce. He died in England before the close of the war. His brother, Sir John Temple, Baronet, who was Consul-General of Great Britain to the United States, married a daughter of Governor Bowdoin. His daughter, Mehetabel Hester, who died in 1798, was the first wife of the third Lord Dufferin, and their son Robert Temple, a captain in the British Army - was killed at Waterloo. Zebedee Terree of Freetown, Massachusetts. He went to Halifax in 1776 and was pro- scribed and banished in 1778. The son of a Freetown Loyalist has informed me that Terree was in New Brunswick for at time, but returned to, and died in the United States, at or near his old home in Massachusetts. Arodi Thayer. Marshal of the Court of Admiralty of Massachusetts and of two other Provinces. Son of Gideon p.351 and Rachel Thayer, and born at Braintree in 1743. When, in 1768, John Hancock was pro- secuted for smuggling wine, the Marshall arrested him on a precept for £9000 in favor of the Crown, and on a demand for bail in the sum of £3000 more. Hancock offered money as security, which was refused; the affair was, however adjusted. Mr. Thayer went to Halifax with the Royal Army in 1776, thence to New York and thence to England. In 1778 he was proscribed and banished. He continued abroad until 1790, when he returned to Massachusetts and settled at Dorchester, where he passed the remainder of his life. Though in office at the beginning of the Revolution, he condemned the course of the Ministry, and favored peaceable measures of redress. In a word, he was a "moderate Tory," - to use a term of significance of the time - and maintained his opinions with- out bitterness or the use of invectives. His charities were always equal to his means, and his integrity was universally admitted. After the asperities of civil war were forgotten, he possessed the good-will of all who knew him. He died at Dorchester in 1831. His daughter, Charlotte, a lady of many estimable qualities, died at the same place in 1859 at the age of eighty years. Another daughter, who is highly esteemed, still survives. (1860. Nathaniel Ray Thomas of Massachusetts. He graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1751. He bore the odious office of Mandamus Councillor, and shared in the troubles from mobs which were visited upon most of the members of that board. His property was confiscated. He went to Halifax in 1776. He is spoken of in "McFingal," as "That Marshfield blunderer, Nat. Ray Thomas." Of the nine children of his parents, he aloned lived to grow up. He was left rich. He died in 1791 at or near Halifax; another account is that his death occurred in 1787. He married Sally Deering (or Dearing) of Boston, "a charming p.352 girl," who bore him several children, and who, in 1792, was living "genteely in Nova Scotia on a farm." John Thomas of Plymouth, Massachusetts. I use his name in doubt, and yet circumstances seem to show that he was a Loyalist. He graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1765. Forefather's Day was first celebrated at Plymouth, in public, December 22, 1769, by the Old Colony Club, which consisted of seven original and five elected members. Mr. Thomas was one of the former. The Club was formed "for mutual education and instruction;" had a hall, library, and museum; an annual public dinner, and invited persons of distinction to their table. In 1815 Mr. Thomas was at Liverpool, Nova Scotia; when he, Edward Winslow, (an adherent to the Crown, noticed in these volumes) who delivered the first address, and John Watson of Plymouth, were the sole survivors of all who had been members of the Club. Mr. Thomas died in 1823. p.353 Sir Benjamin Thompson, better known as Count Rumford. He was born in Massachusetts in 1753. It was intended that he should become a merchant, but he evinced great devotion to the mechanical arts, and little or no aptitude for business. Through the kindness of his friend, Sheriff Baldwin, he obtained leave to attend philosophical lectures at Cambridge; and afterwards taught school at Rumford, now Concord, New Hampshire. While at Concord, he married a daughter of the Rev. Mr. Walker, then the widow of B. Rolfe. By this marriage his pecuniary circumstances were rendered easy. In the Revolutionary controversy, he seems inclined to have been a Whig, but was distrusted by that party, and at length incurred their unqualified odium. Had there been less suspicion and more kindness, it is very probable that his talents would have been devoted to his country. As it was, he adhered to the Crown, abandoned his family, and in 1775, went to England. There he accepted of civil employment under the Government, and under the patronage of Lord Germain became an under-secretary. Towards the close of the war he came out to New York, and was in command of a regiment called the King's American Dragoons. His military career did not begin until after the surrender of Cornwallis, or, until the struggle was essentially at an end. He was in no battle against his native land; the miserable service of organizing a regiment out of the scattered and broken bands of Loyalists on Long Island, was, I suppose, his principal achievement. Recruits for the King's p.354 American Dragoons - "likely and spirited young lads who were desirous of serving their King and country, and who prefer riding to going on foot" - were offered ten guineas each, if volunteers. Such was the advertisement. Again, in August, 1782, near Flushing, standards were presented to his corps, with imposing ceremonies. Prince William Henry (William the Fourth) was present. As the officers of distinction came upon the ground, the trumpets sounded and the band played "God Save the King." Returning to England, he was knighted, and received half-pay. Becoming acquainted with the minister of the Duke of Bavaria, he was induced to go to Munich, where he introduced important reforms in the police. From this Prince he received high military rank, and the title of Count Rumford, of the Empire. He was again in London in the year 1800, and projected the Royal Institution of Great Britain. He died in France in 1814. His first wife, whom he appears to have deserted, died in New Hampshire in 1792. His second wife was the widow of Lavoisier, the great chemist. Count Rumford bequeathed a handsome sum to Harvard University, and a Professorship bears his name. His philosophical labors and discoveries gave him a high reputation, and caused him to be elected member of many learned societies. His name is found among the proscribed and banished in New Hampshire, by the statute of 1778. His daughter Sarah, Countess of Rumford, died at Concord, New Hampshire in 1852 aged seventy years. She went to Europe with her father, but returned before his second marriage. Again she went abroad, and was absent several years. Finally, she retired to "a small but neat house, on the edge of Concord," where she enjoyed an annuity from her father's estate, and, as believed, a pension from Bavaria. She possessed many pictures and memorials, which she was fond of exhibiting to her visitors. She was eccentric, but had a quick and vigorous mind, and idolized America, her native country. She never married. Joseph Thompson of Medford, Massachusetts. In p.355 June, 1775, news reached the Provincial Congress (as a Committee of that body reported) that the Irvings of Boston, had fitted out, under color of chartering to Thompson, a schooner of their own, to make a voyage to New Providence, to procure "fruit, turtle, and provisions of other kinds for the sustenance and feasting of those troops who are, as pirates and robbers, committing daily hostilities and depreadations on the good people of this Colony and all America." Congress therefore resolved that Captain Samuel McCobb, a member, "be immediately des- patched to Salem and Marblehead, to secure said Thompson, and prevent said vessel from going on said voyage, and cause the said Thompson to be brought to this Congress." A Mr. Thompson of Medford, died in England during the war; probably the same man. p.356 John Timmins of Boston, Massachusetts. An Addresser of Hutchinson in 1774, and of Gage in 1775. The Council of Massachusetts ordered his arrest, April, 1776. He went to England and was at Bristol in 1777. Early the following year his wife was in Boston, but, "seeing no end to the disturbances, is going to pluck up stakes and remove with flocks, herds and children." In June, 1778, Mr. Timmins was in London, and seems to have remained there for three or four years. In October, 1782, he was about to begin business at Woverhampton, and we find him there August, 1783. Mary, his widow, died at Liverpool in 1808. p.357 Henry Tisdale of Freetown, Massachusetts. Was proscribed and banished in 1778. At the peace he went to St. John, New Brunswick and was a grantee of that city. After living in that Province about three years, he returned to Freetown, where he died. Epharaim Tisdale of Freetown, Massachusetts. In 1775 he fled from home and went to New York. During the war, while on a voyage to St. Augustine, he abandoned his vessel at sea to avoid capture, and gained the shore in safety. Though nearly destitute of money, he accomplished an overland journey to New York, a distance, by the route which he travelled, of 1500 miles. In 1783 he embarked at New York for New Brunswick, in the p.358 ship, Brothers, Captain Walker; and on the passage his wife gave birth to a son, who was named for the master of the ship. Mr. Tisdale held civil and military offices in New Brunswick. He removed to Upper Canada in 1808 and died in that Colony in 1816. He left eight sons and four daughters. Walker Tisdale of St. John (the son above referred to,) who died at that city in 1857, was in Canada in 1845, when the descendants of his father were one hundred and sixty-nine, of whom he saw one hundred and sixty- three. The Tisdales of Canada were active on the side of the Crown during the recent Canadian rebellion. The are distinguished for loyalty. p.361 Gregory Townsend of Boston. An Addresser of Hutchinson in 1774 and of Gage in 1775. In 1783 he was at New York and in services as Assistant Commissary-General. He was proscribed and banished in 1778. A person of this name died at Halifax, Nova Scotia in 1798. p.362 Rev. John Troutbeck of Boston. An Episcopal minister. He was at Hopkinton, Mass., with a salary of £50 as early as 1753, a missionary of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts. In 1755 he was appointed Assistant Rector of King's Chapel, and officiated there for twenty years. He was an Addressor of Gage; and was proscribed and banished. He left Boston in 1776; and King's Chapel was not again opened for worship for nearly a year. The first occupants were members of the Old South, whose own house - used by the British as a riding-school - had been seriously damaged. Mr. Troutbeck was at London, the guest of the Rev. Dr. Peters, (of Hebron, Conn.) March 2, 1776 and had just arrived from Halifax. A year later, Benjamin Hallowell wrote his son Ward Hallowell, "Poor Parson Troutback, going round to Newcastle in a collier, is taken by one of the pirates that is cruising in the North Sea." In 1779 he was in London, and a Loyalist Addresser of the King. He died previous to 1783. Edmund Trowbridge of Massachusetts. Judge of the Supreme Court. He was born at Newton, Mass., in 1709 and graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1728. For some time he bore the name of Goffe, after an uncle. In 1759, "This Goffe," wrote to John Adams, "had been Attorney- p.363 General for twenty years, and commanded the practice in Middlesex and Worcester and several other counties. He had power to crush, by his frown or his nod, any young lawyer in his county." In 1766 the popular party left hin out of the Council; but the next year he was appointed to the Supreme Court. Beyond all question he was the most learned lawyer on the Bench, and an honorable man in every relation of life. In the trial of Captain Preston and the soldiers for firing upon the people in King (State) Street, March 5, 1770, his uprightness and ability commanded universal applause. In 1771, records John Adams, "I went this evening, spent an hour and took a pipe with Judge Trowbridge at his lodgings." Again, a year later, "Rode to Cambridge, and made a visit to Judge Trowbridge in his solitary, gloomy state. He is very dull, talks about retiring from Court," etc., etc. In 1774 Mr. Adams wrote his wife (at Falmouth, Maine, now Portland), "Friday, I dined with Colonel, Sheriff, alias Bill Tyng (see William Tynge). At table we were speaking about Capt. MacCarty, which led to the African trade. Judge Trowbridge said, "That was a very humane and Christian trade, to be sure, that of making slaves.' 'Ay,' says I, 'it makes no great odds; it is a trade that almost all mankind have been concerned in, all over the globe, since Adam, more or less, in one way or another.' This occasioned a laugh." Of a truth, in this instance, the Tory was superior to the Whig. At another time the Judge said, "It seems by Colonel Barre's speeches that Mr. Otis has acquired honor by releasing his damages to Robinson." (see John Robinson, Commissioner of the Customs and James Boutineau.) "Yes, says I, "he had acquired honor with all generations." Trowbridge, "He did not make much profit, I think." Adams, "True, but the less profict the more honor. He was a man of honor and generosity, and those who think he was mistaken will pity him." The very year that these conversations occurred, the subject of this notice was impeached by the House, and his former friends, Hawley and John Adams were of the committee to report the articles p.364 against him; but as the Council failed to act, the matter ended. In 1775 Joseph Warren offered the Judge a pass or card of safety, which was declined with the remark, "I have nothing to fear from my countrymen." He was right, for he was not, as far as I am in- formed, once molested or even rudely addressed. By the terms of the Will of John Alford, a member of the Council, and a merchant of great wealth, the power of determining the objects to which his bounty should be applied was vested in his executors, Judge Trowbridge and Richard Cary. They selected Harvard University as one; and the Alford Professorship of Natural Religion, Moral Philosphy, and Civil Polity was thus founded. Prior to the Revolution the Judges of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts wore scarlet robes with deep facings and cuffs of black velvet, and powdered wigs adorned with black silk bags. In summer, however, black silk gowns were worn instead of the robes. Edmund Trowbridge, one of the last who thus appeared upon the Bench, died at Cambridge in 1793, aged eighty-three years. Rev. Joseph S. Buckminster, of Brattle Street Church, Boston, was the son of his only daughter. p.367 Simon Tufts of Boston. He graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1767 and became a merchant. In 1775 he was charged by the Boston Committee of Inspection with selling tea, and was examined. He made a statement of the facts of the case under oath, which was published by the Committee. His arrest ordered by the Council of Massachusetts, April, 1776. Proscribed and banished in 1778. He died in 1802. Dr. James Tupper formerly of Nantucket, Mass., of Pownalborough, Maine, and a "High Sheriff under his Majesty." For his loyalty, he was imprisoned several times. In 1779, he was at Newport, R.I., and departed, probably, with the British Army at the evacu- ation, in October of that year. He returned to Nantucked and died there. Eldad Tupper, of Massachusetts. A guide to the British on the invasion of Bristol County, in 1778. He was well acquainted with the country, and with the Whigs of note, and in office. Proscribed and banished the same year. p.369 William Tyng was born in Boston, August 17, 1737 and passed most of his youthful days in his native town. His early life was distinguished for correct morals, dignity of deportment and an ardent desire to assist the unfortunate. In 1767 he was appointed sheriff of the County of Cumberland and removed to Portland, Maine. Two years after, he married Elizabeth Ross, dau. of Alexander Ross. He represented Falmouth in the General Court in the years 1772 and 1773; and was instructed by the town as follows: "Sir: - Whereas we are sensible there is reason to complain of infringements on the liberties of the people of this Province, and as you are a Representative of this town, we would offer a few things for your consideration on transacting the very important business that may lay before the General Court at the next session. We are not about to enumerate any grievances particularly, as we doubt not the wisdom of the General Court is amply sufficient to investigate not only every grievance, but every inconvenience the Province at present labors under; all we mean is, to suggest some method whereby all grievances may be redressed. And considering the singular and good disposition of the present Governor, together with his family, being embarked on the same bottom with ourselves, we know of no expedient more effectual than for the mem- bers of the General Court, by a rational and liberal behavior, to conciliate the affections of his Excellency. The particular mode of doing this, we must leave to their wisdom and prudence, which on this important occasion they will undoubtedly exert, only beg leave to observe, that, could his Excellency be prevailed upon to join the other branches of the legislature in supplicating the Throne for redress of any of our griev- ances, it appears to us the most probable way of obtaining his Majesty's royal attent- ion and relief." His conduct was generally conciliatory to those whose political tendencies he could not respect. There were several personal quarrels between the citizens of Falmouth in con- sequence of their political divisions; and Colonel Tyng was involved in one of them, and with a friend. He and General Preble met in King Street, when some conversation took place about an expected mob, in which he called the General an old fool; and said that "were he not an old man he would chastise him." Whereupon Preble "threatened to cane or knock him down, if he should repeat the words." Tyng drew his sword, and in turn threatened to run the General through; but the latter collared and shook him. They, however parted on good terms, as the Colonel asked Preble's pardon. When, in September, 1774, he appeared before the County Convention to answer certain questions propounded by the Whigs, he seems to have given entire satisfaction, in affixing his name to a Declaration as follows: "Whereas great numbers of the inhabitants of this County ar now assembled near my house, in consequence of the false representation of some evil-minded persons, who have reported that I have endeavored all in my power to enforce the late Acts of Parliament relating to this Province; I do hereby p.371 TYNG. solemnly declare that I have not in any way whatever acted, or endeavored to act, in conformity to said Acts of Parliament. And in compliance with the commands of the in- habitants so assembled, and by the advice of a committee from the several towns in this County now assembled in Congress, I further declare I will not, as Sheriff of said County, or otherwise, act in conformity to, or by virtue of, said Acts, unless by the general consent of said County. I further declare I have not received any commission inconsistent with the character of this Province, nor any commissioin whatever since the first day of July last." Soon after the affair at Lexington he left Maine, and went to Halifax. During the troubles with Mowatt, which terminated in the burning of Falmouth, the country people who assembled there under Thompson took from his house a silver cup and tankard, and his gold-laced hat. But Congress ordered the silver plate to be restored, and it was delivered to Mrs. Tyng's mother. After the Royal troops entered the city of New York, Edward Preble, a midshipman in the service of Massachusetts, was was afterwards the distinguished Commodore Preble, of the Navy of the United States, was carried there a prisoner of war. He was the son of General Preble, with whom Colonel Tyng had the quarrel related above; but the young naval officer, who was afflicted with a dangerous sickness, was restored to his family through Tyng's intercession, after receiving from him every attention and kindness that his situation required. At the close of the war Colonel Tyng retired to the river St. John, New Brunswick, and was one of the agents of the British Government for the settlement of the Loyalists who emigrated to that colony. He was also appointed Chief Justice of a Court of Judicature, and was respect- ed for his dignity and humanity as a Judge. He resided there in 1784; but was at Georgetown in 1785. In p.372 1793 he returned to the United States, and settled at Gorham, Maine, where he remained during life. He was devotedly attached to agricultural pursuits and to the enjoyments of social intercourse. His house was the seat of hospitality, and of instructive and delightful conversation; and the sorrowing, careworn and unfortunate were ever relieved. He died December 10, 1807 of apoplexy. St. Paul's Church, of the Episcopal communion, Portland, was erected under his immediate patronage, and there his remains were carried for the performance of the funeral service, attended by his brethren of the Masonic Lodge, clad in full mourning. His wife, to whom he was most tenderly de- voted, bore him no children. Denied posterity, he regarded with the most affection- ate tenderness those whom he adopted to supply the place of natural offspring. He was a Christian; and secret communion with God was his daily practice. In the outward ob- servances of his profession, as a member of the church, he was blameless. William Tyng, in a word, was a true man in every relation of life; and his memory is to be cherished, by all who love such, whatever their sectarian or political differences or preferences. Madam Tyng, as his relict was denominated, continued at Gorham, Maine and closed her life there towards the end of the year 1831. Joshua Upham of Brookfield, Massachusetts. Graduated at Harvard University in 1763. In 1775 he addressed to the Committee of Correspondence of Brookfield, an able and interesting letter relative to his political sentiments, which was unanimously voted to be satisfactory. Subsequently, he incurred the displeasure of the Whigs and became a Regugee; and was proscribed and banished. Entering the British Army, he attained the rank of Colonel of Dragoons. He was p.373 with Winslow in the attack on Norwalk, and with Arnold in the expedition to New London. In 1781 he was Deputy Inspector-General of Refugees at Lloyd's Neck, Long Island, and received an Address of thanks; and the same year gave Governor Franklin an account of the attack and retreat of a corps of four hundred and fifty men, mostly French, who landed in Huntington Harbor. He settled in New Brunswick after the war; and was a Judge of the Supreme Court, and a member of the Council. He went to England on public duty, in 1807 and died there the following year. Of the Loyalists who went to New Brunswick, few performed greater service; of few is the memory more deeply cherished. Judge Upham was connected by marriage or by blood with many of the present distinguished families and official characters of that Province and of Nova Scotia. His first wife, Elizabeth, the mother of five children, died at New York in 1782. His 2nd son, Joshua N. Upham, died in Massachusetts in 1805, at the age of thirty. His eldest daughter, Elizabeth, died, unmarried, at Fredericton, in the spring of 1844 in the 74th year of her age. Another daughter, Frances Chandler Upham, wife of Hon. John W. Weldon, Speaker of the House of Assembly, died at Richebucto, May 19th of that year at the age of thirty- nine. His son, Charles Wentworth Upham, late President of the Senate of Massachusetts, and a Representative in Congress from that State, is a genleman of fine attainments, and has enriched the literature of the country with several valuable productions. For his "Life of Sir Henry Vane," he deserves the thanks of every lover of civil right, and of religious truth. Jabez Upham of Massachusetts. Brother of Joshua Upham. He died at Hampton, New Brunswick in 1822. Bethiah, his widow, died at the same place in 1834, at the age of eighty-one years. p.382 John Vassell of Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was descended from the ancient house of Du Vassell, Barons of Guerdon in Querci, Perigord. His American ancestor, who possess- ed a fortune, came early to New England, and was one of the Assistants of the Province of Massachusetts proper. But, an Episcopalian, he was viewed with jealousy; and re- moving to Scituate, in the Colony of Plymouth, he became proprietor of a large estate, which bore the name of West Newland. After the conquest of Jamaica he obtained an ex- tensive grant there. John Vassell, the subject of this notice was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1738, and graduated at Harvard University in 1757. An Addresser of Hutchinson in 1774, he gave great offence. Early in 1775 he was driven from his seat by mobs, and took up residence at Boston. The Committee of Safety, June 24th, of the last mentioned year, "ordered, That the commanding officer who has the charge of the hay of John Vassel, Esquire's estate, be directed to supply Mr. Seth Brown, who has the care of the Colony horses, with as much hay as they may need for their consumption." And furthermore, on the same day, "Ordered, that Mr. Brown, the keeper of the Colony horses, do not admit any horses into the stables of John Vassel, Esquire, but such as are the property of this Colony." On the 6th of July, the Committee voted, "That Joseph and Parsons Smith be allowed to cut, each, one ton of English hay, and one ton of black grass, on the estate of John Vassel, Esquire, in Cambridge - they to be accountable therefor; and that Mr. David Sanger be directed accordingly." Similar orders and votes passed this body relative to the estates of other Loyalists, who had been driven from their homes; and the subject came up in the Provincial p.383 Congress the same year. On the 11th of July, Congress "Resolved, That the persons em- ployed in cutting the grass on the land of the Refugees, be allowed half a pint of rum each per day." These incidents, though slight in themselves, throw light on the transactions of the day. Mr. Vassell's mansion-house, at Cambridge, became the head- quarters of George Washington; and is now occupied by Professor Longfellow. In 1776 Mr. Vassall went to England. He was a passenger in one of the six vessels that arrived at London from Halifax, prior to June 10th, laden with Loyalists and their families. In July, of that year, he designed to take a house "at the Court end of the metropolis, and enjoy the comforts of a plentiful fortune." In 1780 he seems to have lived at Bristol; other refugees from Massachusetts were at Birmigham; but he disliked that place and said it was "a dirty, ill-built hole." Later he resided alternately at Chatley Lodge, in the county of Wilts, and the city of Bath. Though his American property was confiscated, a part of the Jamaica grant was still in the family, and his children inherited a competence. He died at Clifton, England, in 1797, almost instantaneously, after eating a hearty dinner. His wife, Elizabeth, sister of Lieutenant-Governor Thomas Oliver, died at Clifton, in 1807, in her 32nd year. His children were John, who died at Lyndhurst in the year 1800; Spencer Thomas, of whom presently; Thomas Oliver, who died in England in 1807; Elizabeth; Robert Oliver, who became a member of the Council of Jamaica and died at Abington Hall on that island, in 1827; a second Elizabeth who married Mr. Lemaistre, and died at Cheltenham in 1856; Leonard; and Mary, who alone was born in England, who married Mr. Archer, and who, with her only child, deceased at Clifton in 1806. Spencer Thomas Vassall. Son of John Vassall. Born in 1764. Entered the British Army as an Ensign, as the account is, at the age of twelve years. He rose to the command of the 38th Regiment, and was regarded as one of the bravest officers in the service. He was mortally wounded p.384 VASSELL. at the storming of Monte Video in 1807 - the year of his mother's and of his brother Thomas Oliver Vassell's decease. His remains were taken to England, and buried in St. Paul's Church, Bristol, where there is a monument to his memory. His widow, Catherine Brandish Backhouse, dau. of Rev. Dr. Evans, married Thomas Chetham Strode, in 1816 and survived until 1842. His son, Spencer Lambert Hunter, who died in 1846, was a Knight, and a Captain in the Royal Navy; his other son, Rawdon John Popham is now (1862) a Lieutenant-Colonel in the Royal Artillery; his daughter, Honora Mary Georgina who] deceased in 1834, was the wife of Rev. Edward P. Henslowe; and his youngest daughter, Catherine Spence Alicia Beresford, married Thomas Le Marchant Sumerez, son of the Admiral of that name, and, after his decease, Rev. Eardley Wilmot Michell. Add the cognomens, and we have thirty-six names for ten persons; a case which has not previously occurred in any family mentioned in these volumes. William Vassall of Boston. Brother of John Vassell. He was born in 1715 and graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1733. In 1774 he was appointed a Mandamus Councillor, but was not sworn into office. He went to England, and was proscribed and banished. The forfeiture of his estate gave rise to a singular suit. As the Federal Constitution was adopted, a State could be sued; and, at Mr. Vassall's insistance, proceedings against Massa- chusetts were commenced in the Court of the United States; and Hancock, who occupied the Exucutive Chair, was summoned as defendant in the case. His Excellency declined to appear; and soon after the eleventh amendment to the Constitution put an end to the right of Loyalists to test the validity of the Confiscation Acts of the Revolution. Mr. Vassall "was for many years connected with King's Chapel, Boston, and in 1785 protested, by proxy, against the change in Liturgy, and the unauthorized ordination of James Freeman." Mr. Vassall died at Battersea Rise, England in 1800 aged eighty-five years. He was upright, generous and loving. Ann p.385 VASSALL. Davis, his first wife, bore him Sarah, four named William, two named Fanny, Frances, Lucretia, Henry and Catharine. His 2nd wife, Margaret Hubbard, was the mother of Margaret, Ann, Charlotte, Leonard and Nathaniel Vassall. Each wife had twins. Nathan- iel Vassall, the youngest son, was a Captain in the Royal Navy, died in London in 1832. William Vassall of Boston, son of William Vassall, was born at Boston in 1753, and graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1771. He went to England. He inherited the bulk of his father's property in the West Indies, which descended to his nephew, Rev. William Vassall, Rector of Hardington, England; "but so burdened and deterioted, in conse- quence of emanicpation, that it was not worth anything"; and that gentleman declined to administer upon it. He died at the Weston House, near Totness, December 2, 1843. Anne, his widow, died at the same place, October, 1846 aged seventy-five years. p.389 John Wadsworth of Duxbury, Mass. He was the son of Dr. John Wadsworth, and graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1762. He designed to study law, but taught school in his native town some years and in 1770 was chosen a tutor at Harvard. As an instructor he was very distinguished. He was "an able logician, and his superior power in metaphysical discussions was universally acknowledged." He was fond of politics and his arguments in opposition to the Whig cause gave much offense to persons with whom he had maintain- ed the most initmate relations. Indeed, his "Tory principles would have lost him the tutorship but for the attachment of his pupils and the exertins of p.389 WADSWORTH. friends, who urged in his favor his remarkable faculty of communicating his ideas." It was said, too, that his political errors were seeming rather than real; that he argued on the Royal side merely to show his ability, and because he loved disputation. Yet, he was retained at the University by a vote of barely one majority. He died of small-pox, July 12, 1777. In 1808 friends and pupils who "loved and honored his character" erected a monument to his memory in the old burying-ground, Cambridge, which bears a long and laudatory inscription in Latin. The subject of this notice was the only Wadsworth in Massachusetts suspected of loyalty. His cousin, Peleg Wadsworth, the maternal grandfather of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, the poet, was a general officer, and at one time chief of military affairs in Maine. p.392 Joseph Waldo. Merchant of Boston. He went to England and died there in 1816 aged ninety-four years. He was educated at Harvard Univ. and for a considerable period was the oldest graduate living, having received his degree in 1741. John Waldo of Massachusetts. Went to England and was at Bristol in 1777. Walker - of Massachusetts. Five proscribed and banished in 1778, namely, Adam Walker of Worcester; John Walker of Shrewsbury; and Gideon Walker, Benjamin Walker, Zera Walker and Marshfield Walker. p.394 Rev. William Walter, D.D. of Boston. Episcopal minister and Rector of Trinity Church. He was the son of Rev. Nehemiah Walter of Roxbury and graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1756. He was ordained by the Bishop of London. The Assistant of Rev. Mr. Hooper, he succeeded him at his decease as Rector. In 1776 he went to England. At the peace, accompanied by his family of six persons, and by three servants, he went from New York to Shelburne, Nova Scotia, where the Crown granted him one town and one water lot. His losses in consequence of his loyalty were estimated at £7000. A fellow- Loyalist and clergyman of his own communion wrote in 1785: "I understand that Parson Walter has arrived at Halifax, in the quality of a D.D. What is your opinion of this gentleman? The ladies who emigrated from York to Annapolis reprobate him as a fop and coxcomb and affirm that his whole attention is given to dress, balls, assemblies and plays. He returned to Boston in 1791 and the next year was chosen Rector of Christ Church. He p.395 WALTER. died in Boston, in the year 1800, at the age of sixty-one. The Rev. Dr. Parker, who preached his funeral sermon, delineated his character as ornamental to religion and to the Church, to literature and humanity. "Dr. Walter was a remarkably handsome man; tall and well proportioned. When in the street, he wore a long blue cloth cloak over his cassock and gown; a full-bottomed wig, dressed and powdered; a three- cornered hat; knee-breeches of fine black cloth, with black silk hose, and square quartered shoes with silver buckles. His countenance was always serene, his temper always cheerful; happy himself, he communicated happiness to all around him. In the desk he read the glorious service like one inspired; his voice was clear, musical and well modulated. His heart, his house, his purse, were ever open to the needy. His wife, who bore him seven children, and who died in 1798, was Lydia, the daughter of Benjamin Lynde, Jr. of Salem. His grandson, Lynde Minshall Walter, was the founder and first editor of the "Boston Evening Transcript." p.401 James Warden of Massachusetts. Was an Addresser of Hutchinson in 1774. Joseph and William Warden went to Halifax in 1776. All belonged to Boston, and the last, who was proscribed and banished in 1778, went to Shelburne, Nova Scotia, at the peace, with his family of four and a servant, where fifty acres of land, a town and a water lot, were granted him; he had lost £350 by his loyalty. p.403 Samuel Waterhouse of Boston. An officer of the Customs. He is described as "the most notorious scribbler, satirist and libeller in the service of the conspirators against the liberties of America." He accompanied the British troops to Halifax at the evacu- ation and embarked for England with his family in the ship, Aston Hall, July, 1776. In 1778 he was proscribed and banished. In 1779 he was in London, a Loyalist and Addresser of the King. George Watson of Massachusetts. He was appointed a Mandamus Councillor, but does not appear to have taken the oath of office. I suppose this gentleman to have been the Colonel George Watson of Plymouth, who died at that place in the year 1800; and who is said to have possessed almost every virtue that can adorn and dignify the human character. His daughter Elizabeth Watson died at Rome in 1809; she was the wife of Sir Grenville Temple, Bart. p.405 Rev. Joshua Wingate Weeks. Of Marblehead, Mass. Episcopal minister. Born at Hampton, N.H., and graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1758. He became Rector of St. Michael's Church in 1762, having been ordained in England the preceding year. In 1775 he was driven from Marblehead by the political commotions of the time, and took refuge with the Rev. Mr. Bailey at Pownalborough. He, however, returned to Massachusetts; and in 1778, applied for leave to quit the country; but his petition was rejected. Before the peace he was in England, and went thence to Nova Scotia. He was missionary at Annapolis; chaplain to a military corps at Halifax; officiated at Preston and Guysborough; and could have been settled at Digby. At times he was poor, and even in distress. He died at Nova Scotia in 1804. He married Sarah Treadwell of Ipswich, Mass. (before he took his orders) who, in 1779, was the mother of eight living children. p.406 John Welch of Lanesborough, Massachusetts. In 1778 he was declared an enemy to his country, and ordered to be sent to Bennington. He died at Boston in 1812, aged eighty- two years. Mary, his wife, died at the same place in 1803 at the age of seventy years. Benjamin Weld of Massachusetts. His wife was Sarah, dau. of Dr. Benjamin Church, who, a leading Whig, went over to the Royal side. p.413 Edward Wentworth of Boston. In June, 1777, found guilty at a special sessions of the peace, of being an enemy to the United States, and immediately sent on board the guard-ship. He died at Boston in 1794. p.414 Job Westover of Sheffield, Mass. In May, 1775, the Whig Committee of Observation unanimously denounced him as an enemy of American Liberty. Job had affirmed that "the Parliament of Great Britain had a right to tax the Americans," and had said many things disrespectful of the Continental and the Provincial Congress. p.417 Obadiah Wheaton of Boston. Went to Halifax in 1776; in 1778 he was proscribed and banished. A Loyalist of the name of Obadiah Wheaton died at New Brunswick, where he had become a resident many years ago. Rev. Willard William Wheeler. An Episcopal minister. He was born at Concord, Mass., in 1734 and graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1755. John Adams was a classmate. In 1767 he went to England for ordination, and was appointed missionary, at Georgetown, Maine, by the Society for the Propogation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts. In 1772 he went to Newport, R.I., as Assistant at Trinity Church, Scituate, and of Trinity Church, Marsh- field. He died at Scituate in 1810, aged seventy-five years. p.418 Gideon White. Of Plymouth, Mass. Born in that town in 1751. In June, 1775 he went to Boston, where he mingled with the British Army and in the battle of Bunker Hill, was a volunteer. He returned to Plymouth soon after, but his father, apprehending that he would be p.419 molested for fighting against the Whigs, and wishing that he might be inactive during the war, sent him to Nova Scotia. He arrived at Barrington, but was there captured by the crew of a Plymouth vessel, brought home and put in prison. Released, however, in a short time, he purchased a military commission and served the Crown until the close of hostilities. In 1783 he retired with his regiment to Jamaica; but subsequently settled at Shelburne, Nova Scotia, where he passed the remainder of his life. He was a member of the House of Assembly and a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. He went to England in 1799, and received marked attention from several distinguished persons. He died in 1833 at the age of eighty one years. His wife, who died in 1831, aged seventy- one, was Deborah, dau. of Dr. Miles Whitworth of Boston. Four of his nine childred married in Massachusetts, namely: Joanna to William Davis, Esq. of Plymouth; Miles, to Marcia, dau. of Hon. John Davis of Boston; Deborah and Sarah who were the first and second wives of Rev. T. B. Gannett of So. Natick. The family account is that Mr. White was the great grandson of Peregrine White, the first-born of New England, and that his mother was a descendant of John Howland, the Pilgrim. Abijah White of Marshfield, Mass. He was a member of the House of Representatives from that town, and a "Government-man" of great zeal, but of little discretion. He carried to Boston the famous Marshfield Resolves, censuring the Whigs, and on his arrival at the capital caused the document to be published. The act drew upon him the wrath of the writers in the Whig newspapers and he sunk under the burben of general ridicule. He is commemorated in McFingal. White. Of Marshfield, Mass. - Cornelius the third, Sylvester, Warren and Daniel, Jr. proscribed and banished in 1778. The first three fled to Boston in 1775, but returned home and threw themselves on the mercy of the Whigs, who committed them to Plymouth Jail. In 1776 they petitioned the Council for release and in October p.420 WHITE. of that year they were discharged, on condition of payment of the expenses of imprison- ment, and of not departing from their own estates (except to attend public worship) without leave of the Committee of Correspondence. White, Paul of Marshfield, Mass. He was seized, carted to the Liberty Pole in Duxbury, and forced to sign a "Recantation." John White of Boston. An Addresser of Hutchingson in 1774. Left the country. Admitted to the rights of citizenship in 1791 by Act of the Legislature. Died at Boston in 1794, aged seventy-five. p.424 Aaron Whitney. Of Petersham, Mass. Congregational minister. He was born at Littleton, Mass. in 1714; graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1737, and was the first Whitney to receive the honors of that Institution. A year later, the records of Petersham show that a committee was instructed to "treat with a minister in order for a settlement," and that the candidate must be "Orthodox." Mr. Whitney was the choice of the town; and was ordained in December, 1738. When in 1767, probably, a graduate of his own Alma Mater (see Ensign Man) but a Whig, went to Petersham to teach school, his conduct exasperated his townsment and he was attacked, p.425 WHITNEY. even in the newspapers, with unsparing severity. For seven years afterward, he preached and prayed submission to the King, and at last, his parishioners could bear his instructions no longer. Near the close of the year 1774, the town voted neither to "bargain with, hire, nor employ the Rev. Mr. Whitney to preach for them any longer." He attempted to negotiate; but they would not listen to terms of reconiliation, and discontinued his salary. But he continued to hold religious services at his own house, until near the end of his life. He died in 1779, at the age of sixty-five. Four of his sons were educated at Cambridge: namely, Abel Whitney who died while in college; Peter Whitney, a minister of Northborough, and author of a History of Worcester County, who died in 1816; Paul Whitney a physician at Westfield who died in 1795; and Abel Whitney a merchant in Westfield who died in 1807. The Rev. Frederic A. Whitney, late pastor of the First Church at Brighton, Mass., was a grandson of Peter Whitney. The subject of this notice was the father of eleven children. He m. (1) Alice Baker, of Phillipston, who died in 1767; and (2), Ruth the widow of Rev. David Stearns of Lunen- burg. Shed died in 1788. Ephraim Whitney of Petersham, Mass., a physician. Was a native of Lunenburg or of Fitchburg. He was in practice many years. "He was a Tory, and an eccentric man; wore his beard the latter part of his life, and left directions that he should be buried with it, unshaven." He died at Petersham in 1801, aged seventy-two years. His son, Richard Whitney graduated at Harvard University in 1787; studied law, and settled in Brattleboro, Vermont; a man of superior talents. He died in 1806. John Quincy Adams was a classmate. p.426 Miles Whitworth of Boston. Physician. He was a surgeon under Pepperell at Louisbourg, in the campaigns against Ticonderoga and Quebec and in Nova Scotia under Winslow. In 1774 he was an Addresser of Hutchinson. He remained in Boston during the siege, and was the p.427 attending physician and surgeon to the Whig prisoners who were wounded in the battle of Bunker Hill. In 1776 he was arrested and confined by order of the Council of Mass. He died at Boston in 1779, of a fever contracted while in prison. He married Deborah Thayer. Of two of his sons presently. Charles was a Commissary in the British Army, and died at Jamaica about the year 1800; Deborah married Gideon White of Plymouth; and Sarah was the wife of John Foxcroft of Cambridge, Mass. Miles Whitworth, Jr. of Boston. A physician. Son of Miles Wentworth. Graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1772; and (1860) was the only person of that surname on the Catalogue. He entered the service as Surgeon in the Navy. He died unmarried in England in 1778. Nathaniel Whitworth of Boston. Son of the senior Miles Whitworth. He was a commissary in the Royal Army in the Revolution and, subsequently, Commissary-General of the British forces in the Mediterranean, where he died, unmarried, in 1799, aged forty- five years. p.429 Abijah Willard of Lancaster, Massachusetts. In 1774 he was appointed a Mandamus Councillor, and was soon an object of public indignation. What at Union, Connecti- cut, in that year, he was seized and confined overnight. In the morning, the multi- tude who guarded him, consisting of about five hundred persons, condemned him to to to prison, but after carrying him six miles on the way thither, released him on his signing a Declaration which the dictated, as follows: "Whereas I, Abijah Willard of Lancaster, have been appointed by Mandamus, A councillor for this Province, and having without due consideration take the oath, do now freely and solemnly declare that I am heartily sorry that I have taken said oath, and do hereby solemnly and in good faith promise and engage that I will not sit or act in said Council, nor in any other that shall be appointed in such manner and form, but that I will, as much as in me lies, maintain the Charter rights and liberties of this Province; and do hereby ask the forgiveness of all honest, worthy gentlemen that I have offended, by taking the above said oath; and desire this may be inserted in the public prints." He went to Halifax with the Royal Army in 1776; and in 1778 was proscribed and banished. He was at Long Island at a subsequent period of the war; and in July, 1783, in the city of New York, where he, and fifty-four other Loyalists, joined in a petition to Sir Guy Carleton for extensive grants of lands in Nova Scotia. These petitioners were and still are known as the "Fifty-Five." They respresented that their position in society had been very respecatable, and that previous to the Revolution they had possessed much influence. They stated that the same number of acres that were granted to field-officers of the army, might be given to each of them. And they asked that, if possible, the lands should be conveyed free from quit- rents, and from other incumbrances. This petition created much clamor at New York, and a copy of it having been sent to St. John, and printed, created an excitement there. p.430 WILLARD. In a published controversy between a "Consistent Loyalist" and "Viator," at London, in 1784, his name appears quite often. On the one hand it was said that, as a Commis- sary, he "saved the Government several thousand pounds"; and on the other hand, that he "saved to himself and nephew many thousand pounds more than they were worth when the rebellion began." Again his accuser remarked that the boast of Mr. Willard's integrity reminded him of an anecdote of the King of Prussia, who desired a Commiss- ary to be hanged, and who, when asked, "Which," replied, "Either of them, for they are all alike." Still again, "Viator" averred that Mr. Willard was "one of the Governor- hunters even from Governor Shirley's day," and was politically converted only when the politic Hutchinson made him a member of the Council. Mr. Willard settled in New Brunswick, on the coast between the St. Croix and St. John, and at a place which he called Lancaster - the name by which it is still known. He was a member of the Council of the Province. He died in 1789 aged sixty-seven years. After his decease, his family returned to Massachusetts. He could have had the comm- ission of Colonel in the Royal service, but would not bear arms agains his country. It is believed that Colonel Prescott who commanded the Whig force in the battle of Bunker Hill, was a connection, and his brother-in-law. It is said that Mr. Willard, on the day of the action, was in company with one of the British Generals in Boston, who from one of the hills, and with as spy-glass, watched the movements of the Rebels in their intrenchment; and that the Briton asked Willard if they would fight. Willard, after a survey through the glass and after recognizing Prescott, replied that he would not answer for his men; "but," said he, "Prescott will fight you to the gates of hell!" Mr. Willard was "large and portly," and in character, "a gentleman." Mary, his widow, died at Lancaster, Mass. in 1807, aged seventy-nine years. Insert. Subject: Col. Abijah Willard, Lancaster, Mass. (descended from Major Simon Willard) Source: History of the Town of Lancaster, Mass. by Rev. Abijah P. Marvin - Lancaster, 1879 (Published by the Town) p.299 The most distinguished of three Willard brothers and the one most capable of service in the military line was Colonel Abijah Willard. Born in 1724, he commanded a company under his father in 1745 at the capture of Louisburg. He led a company under Col. Monckton in 1755, "at the reduction of the French forts in Nova Scotia." He soon after received the commission of a colonel and was in the expedition to Crown Point. In 1759 he led his regiment in the expedition to Crown Point (N.Y.). In 1759 he led his regiment in the expedition of Lord Amherst, for the conquest of Canada. He was a man of courage, activity and force and had, what is rare, a "military genius." In the revolutionary army, he would, doubtless, have attained distinction (but he became a loyalist). His property was large for those times, and he improved his estate by strict attention and energy. Besides his possessions in Lancaster, Mass and other towns in the vicinity, he had a large landed estate in Stafford, CT., and he had purchased a farm in Beverly, Mass., at the expense of £2,756 sterling, equal, perhaps to $27,000 in our currency (in 1879). He was a man of character and influence; was greatly respected by his fellow citizens and by his public spirit, merited their regards. But his heart was divided between his sovereign, whose commission as a "mandamus counsellor," he bore, and his country, with which all his interests and his ancestral associations were connected. The conflict resulted in his choosing the Loyalist side, and entering the enemy's lines. The manner of his leaving home indicates that he had no fixed purpose to be permanently absent. On the morning of the 19th of April, before the arrival of the messenger bringing the news of the British raid on Lexington & Concord, p.300 he mounted his horse, with saddle-bags stored with seeds for his farm in Beverly, Mass., prepared to spend several days there and superintend the planting & sowing. That he had no intention, on leaving home, of proceeding to Boston, is thought to be proved by the fact that he made no arrangement for his wife and children to follow. Before reaching Concord, it is supposed, he learned that the British troops were drawing near. It was too late for him to proceed to his destination, through Concord, or the towns north of that place, which would be swarming with soldiers, hastening to the scene of action. Therefore it is conjectured he turned to the right and passed through a southern tier of towns, whose volunteers had already marched, leaving the road comparatively clear and thus reached Boston. Once there, he could not safely return, whatever his wishes or misgivings, and he cast his lot with the British party. But he never did any service except as a commissary with the army at New York. At the close of the war he received a crown-grant of land in NEW BRUNSWICK, settled there with his family and died in 1789. This was a sad and inglorious end to a life whose early manhood and vigorous maturity were so distinguished. Col. Abijah Willard's 2nd wife, and the mother of his children, who lived beyond childhood, was the daughter of John Prentice and the grandaughter of Rev. John Prentice. In 1749, Col. Abijah Willard and his first wife united with the church of Lancaster. It is related that the Colonel was on Copp's Hill in Boston, standing with British officers, and watching the opening of the Battle of Bunker Hill, when one of the officers said to him, "who commands in the American redoubt?" Willard who knew his brother-in-law well, replied "Col. William Prescott" Said the other officer - "Will he fight?" Abijah Willard answered: "Yes, to the last drop of his blood." Col. William Prescott belonged to the Lancaster stock and was descended from the first John Prescott of Lancaster, Mass. Transcribed by Janice Farnsworth Loyalist Col. Abijah Willard Subject: The Loyalists of Lancaster, Massachusetts by Henry S. Nourse Source: The Bay State Monthly - Vol 1 Issue 6 pub. June 1884, John N. McClintock & Co. Boston Pages 377 to 386. Part 1 of 3 Part I focuses on Loyalist. Col. Abijah Willard who m. the sister of Col. William Prescott of Bunker Hill fame. Col. Abijah Willard was a great granson of Major Simon Willard, famous military leader during King Philip's War. THE LOYALISTS OF LANCASTER, MASSACHUSETTS p.377 The outburst of patriotic rebellion in 1775 throughout Massachusetts was so universal and the controversy so hot with the wrath of a people politically wronged, as well as embittered by the hereditary rage of puritanism against prelacy, that the term tory comes down to us in history loaded with a weight of opprobrium not legitimately its own. After the lapse of a hundred years the word is perhaps no longer synonymous with everything traitorous and vile, but when it is desirable to suggest possible respectability and moral rectitude in any member of the conservative party of Revolutionary days, it must be done under the less historically disgraced title - loyalist. In fact, then as always, two parties stood contending for principles to which honest convictions made adherents. If among the conservatives were timid office-holders and corrupt self-seekers, there were also of the Revolutionary party blatant demagogues and bigoted partisans. The logic of success made possible at last only by exterior aid, justified the appeal to arms begun in Massachusetts before revolt was prepared or thought imminent, elsewhere. Now, to the careful student of the situation, it seems among the most premature and rash of all the rebellions in history. But for the precipitancy of the uprising, and the patriotic frenzy that fired the public heart at news of the first bloodshed, many ripe scholars, many soldiers of experience, might have been saved to aid and honor the republic, instead of being driven into ignominious exile by fear of mob violence and imprisonment and scourged through the century as enemies of their country. In and about Lancaster, then the largest town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, the royalist party was an eminently respectable minority. At first, indeed, not only those naturally p.378 conservative by reason of wealth, or pride of birthright, but nearly all the intellectual leaders, both ecclesiastic and civilian, deprecated revolt as downright suicide. They denounced the Stamp Act as earnestly, they loved their country in which their all was at stake as sincerely, as did their radical neighbors. Some of them after the bloody nineteenth of April, acquiesced with such grace as they could in what they now saw to be inevitable and tempered with prudent council, the blind zeal of partisanship: thus ably serving their country in her need. Others would have awaited the issue of events as neutrals; but such. the committees of safety, or a mob, not unnaturally treated as enemies. On the highest rounds of the social ladder stood the great-grandsons of Major Simon Willard, the Puritan commander in the war of 1675. These three gentlemen had large possessions in land, were widely known throughout the Province and were held in deserved esteem for their probity and ability. They were all royalists at heart and all connected by marriage with royalist families. Colonel Abijah Willard Abijah Willard, the eldest of the great-grandsons of Simon Willard, had just passed his fiftieth year. He had won a captaincy before Louisburg when but twenty-one and was promoted to a colonelcy in active service against the French; was a thorough soldier, a gentleman of stately prescence and dignified manners and a skilful manager of affairs. For his first wife, he married Elizabeth, sister of Colonel William Prescott; for his second wife, Mrs. Anna Prentice and had recently married a third partner, Mrs. Mary McKown of Boston. Abijah Willard was the wealthiest citizen of Lancaster, kept six horses in his stables and dispensed liberal hospitality in the mansion inherited from his father, Colonel Samuel Willard. By accepting the appointment of councillor in 1774, he became at once obnoxious to the dominant party and in August when visiting Connecticut on business connected with his large landed interests there, he was arrested by the citizens of the town of Union and a mob of five hundred persons accompanied him over the state line intending to convey him to the nearest jail. Whether their wrath became somewhat cooled by the colonel's bearing, or by a six mile march, they released him upon his signing a paper dictated to him, of which the following is a copy, printed at the time in the Boston Gazette: Sturbridge, August 25, 1774 "Whereas I Abijah Willard of Lancaster, having been appointed by mandamus Counselor for this province, and have without due Consideration taken the Oath, do now freely and solemnly and in good faith promise and engage that I will not sit or act in said Council, nor in any other that shall be appointed in such manner and form, but that I will, as much as in me lies, maintain the Charter Rights and Liberties of the Province and do hereby ask forgiveness of all the honest, worthy Gentlemen that I have offended by taking the above-said Oath, and desire this may be inserted in the public Prints. Witness my Hand Abijah Willard." From that time forward Colonel Abijah Willard lived quietly at home until the nineteenth of April, 1775, when, setting out in the morning on horseback to visit his farm in Beverly, Mass., where he had planned to spend some days in superintending the planting, he was turned from his course by the swarming out of minute-men at the summons of the couriers bringing the alarm from Lexington and we next find him with the British in Boston. He never saw Lancaster again. It is related that on the p.379 morning of the seventeenth of June, standing with Governor Gage in Boston, reconnoitring the busy scene upon Bunker's Hill he recognized with the glass his brother-in-law Colonel William Prescott and pointed him out to the governor, who asked if he would fight. The answer was: "Prescott will fight you to the gates of hell!" or, as another historian more mildly puts it: "Ay, to the last drop of his blood." Colonel Abijah Willard knew whereof he testified, for the two colonels had earned their commissions together in the expidtions against Canada. An officer of so well-known skill and experience as Abijah Willard was deemed a valuable acquisition and he was offered a colonel's commission in the British Army but refused to serve against his countrymen and at the evacuation of Boston, he went to Halifax, having been joined by his own and his brother's family. In 1778 he was proscribed and banished. Later in the war he joined the royal army at Long Island and was appointed commissary; in which service it was afterwards claimed by his friends that his management saved the crown thousands of pounds. A malicious pamphleteer of the day, however, accused him of being no better than others and alleging that whatever saving he effected went to swell his own coffers. His name stands prominent among the "Fifty-five" who, in 1783, asked for large grants of land in Nova Scotia as compensation for their losses by the war. He chose a residence on the coast of New Brunswick, which he named Lancaster in remembrance of his beloved birthplace and there died in May 1789 having been for several years an influential member of the provincial council. His family returned to Lancaster, recovered the old homestead and, aided by a small pension from the British government, lived in comparitive prosperity. The son, Samuel Willard died on January 1, 1856 aged ninety-six years and four months. His widowed sister, Mrs. Anna Goodhue, died on August 2, 1858 at the age of ninety-five. Memories of their wholly pleasant and beneficent lives, abounding in social amenities and Christian graces, still linger about the old mansion. Prescott Memorial 1870 p.56 Elizabeth Prescott b. October 1, 1723 dau of the Honorable Benjamin Prescott and his wife, Abigail Oliver (dau of the Hon. Thomas Oliver of Cambridge, Mass) of Lancaster. She was the sister of Colonel William Prescott of Bunker Hill fame. Elizabeth Prescott m. Abijah Willard of Lancaster, Mass. He was the son of the Honorable Samuel Willard, one of the first settlers of Lancaster. Abijah Willard was, at the commencement of the Revolution, one of his Majesty's mandamus counselors for the province; was afterward colonel of militia and Justice of the Peace. (no further record for Elizabeth, or her family is in the Prescott book - there is however, much in Henry S. Nourse's book, Birth, Marriage & Death Register, Church & Epitaphs of Lancaster, Mass., pub. 1890 at Lancaster: p.34 Capt. Abijah Willard entered his intentions of marriage with Anna Prentice Oct ye 4th, 1752. [see her death p.322 below] p.46 Col. Abijah Willard of Lancaster entered his intentions of marriage with Mrs. Mary McKown of Boston, Oct the 24th 1772. [see her death p. 193 below] p.49 Abijah Willard ye son of Samuel & Elizabeth Willard was born July ye 8, 1720. p.157 Abijah Willard ye son of Samuel & Elizabeth Willard Deceased Oct ye 3, 1722. Abijah Willard 2d ye son of Samuel & Eliabeth Willard was born July ye 27th, 1724. p.323 Deaths recorded by Mr. Wyman at Lancaster Abijah Willard son of Capt. Abijah Willard, died Dec 12, 1749. p.76 Abijah Willard 2d. son of Abijah & Elizabeth [Prescott] Willard was born Nov 4th 1750. p.78 Elisabeth dau of Abijah & Anna (Prentice) Willard was born Jan ye 15, 1754. p.324 Elizabeth dau of Capt. Abijah Willard, died October 6, 1756. [her grave below] p.81 Habijah son of Abijah & Anne (Prentice) Willard was born Oct 31, 1757. p.193 Mary [McKown] Willard relict of the late Col. Abijah Willard, died Dec 15th 1807 aged 79 years. [see grave below, p.443] p.319 Samuel Willard, Esq. Died Nov'r 20th, 1752. p.322 Deaths: June 1771 Anna (Prentice) wife of Col Abijah Willard p.86 Capt. Abijah Willard & Mrs. Anna Prentice of Lancaster were married by Rev. Timothy Harrington at Lancaster Nov ye 15th 1752. The Old Burial Field at Lancaster, Mass. p.406 "Here lies interred ye Body of Mrs. Elizabeth [Prescott] Willard ye Wife of Capt. Abijah Willard who died December ye 6th, Anno Domini 1751 in ye 29th Year of her Age." "Elisabeth Willard Daughter of Capt. Abijah Willard & Mrs. Anna [Prentice] Willard, died Oct ye 6th, 1756 in ye 3d year of her Age." Middle Cemetery, Lancaster, Mass. p. 443 "Erected In Memory of Mrs. Mary [McKown] Willard, Widow of the Honorable Abijah Willard Esq. She died December 16, 1807 AEt. 77. Transcribed by Janice Farnsworth To be continued Part 2 of 3 Subject: The Loyalists of Lancaster, Massachusetts by Henry S. Nourse Source: The Bay State Monthly - Vol 1 Issue 6 pub. June 1884, John N. McClintock & Co. Boston Pages 377 to 386. Part 2 of 3 p.379 Levi Willard Levi Willard (another great grandson of Major Simon Willard of King Philip's War) was three years the junior of Abijah Willard (see Part 1). He had been collector of excise for the county (Worcester) and held the military rank of lieutenant- colonel, and was Justice of the Peace. With his brother-in-law Captain Samuel Ward, he con- ducted the largest mercantile establishment in Worcester County (Mass.) at that date. He had even made the voyage to England to purchase goods. Although not so wealthy as his brother Abijah, he might have rivaled him in any field of success but for his broken health; and he was as widely esteemed for his character and capacity. At the outbreak of hostilities he was too ill to take active part on either side, but his sympathics were with his loyalist kindred. He died on July 11, 1775. His partner in business, Capt. Samuel Ward, cast his lot with the patriot party but his son, Levi Willard Jr., who graduated at Harvard College in 1775, joined his uncle, Abijah, and went to England and there remained until 1785, when he returned and died five years later. Abel Willard Abel Willard, though equally graced by nature with the physical gifts that distinquish- his brothers, unlike them, chose the arts of peace rather than those of war. He was born at Lancaster, Mass., on January 12, 1732-2 and was graduated at Harvard College in 1752, ranking third in the class. He wife was Elizabeth Rogers, was the p.380 daughter of the loyalist minister of Littleton, Mass. His name was affixed to the address to Governor Gage, June 21, 1774, and he was forced to sign, with other justices a recantation of the aspersions cast upon the people in that address. He has the dist- inction of being recorded by the leading statesman of the Revolution, John Adams, as his personal friend. So popular was Abel Willard and so well known his character as a peacemaker and well-wisher to his country, that he might have remained unmolested and respected among his neighbors in spite of his royalist opinions; but whether led by family ties or natural timidity, he sought refuge in Boston and quick-coming events made it impossible for him to return. At the departure of the British forces for Halifax, he accompanied them. A letter from Edmund Quincy to his daughter, Mrs. Hancock, dated Lancaster, March 26, 1776, contains a reference to him: "Im sorry for poor Mrs. Abel Willard your sister's near neighbour & friend. She's gone we hear with her husband and brother and sons to Nova Scotia. P'haps such a situation and under such circumstances of Offense respecting their Worcester neighbours as never to be in a political capacity of returning to their houses unless with power & inimical views with God forbid should ever be ye case." In 1778, the act of proscription and banishment included Abel Willard's name. His health gave way under accumulated trouble and he died in England in 1781. The estates of Abijah and Abel Willard were confiscated. In the Massachusetts Archives (cliv, 10) is preserved the anxious inquiry of the town authorities respecting the proper disposal of the wealth they abandoned: "To the Honourable Provincial Congress now holden at Watertown in the Provence of the Massachusetts Bay. We the subscribers do request and desire that you would be please to direct or Inform this proviance in general or the town of Lancaster in particular what is best to be done with the Estates of those men which are gone from their Estates to General Gage and to whose use they shall improve them whether for the proviance or the town where said Estate is. Signed Ebenezer Allen Cyrus Fairbank Sam'l Thurston Selectmen of Lancaster Lancaster June 7, 1775." The Provincial Congress placed the property in question in the hands of the selectmen and Committee of Safety to improve, and instructed them to report to future legislatures. Finally, Cyrus Fairbank is found acting as the local agent for confiscated estates of royalists in Lancaster, and his annual statements are among the archives of Massachusetts. His accounts embrace the estates of: Abijah Willard, Esq. Abel Willard, Esq. Solomon Houghton, Yeoman Joseph Moore, Gentleman The final settlement of Abel Willard's estate, October 26, 1785, netted his creditors but ten shillings, eleven pence to the pound. The claimants and improvers swallowed even the larger estate of Abijah Willard, leaving nothing to the Commonwealth. Katherine, the wife of Levi Willard, was the sister of Capt. Samuel Ward, and Dorothy his wife was the daughter of Judge John Chandler, "the honest Refugee." These estimable and accomplished ladies lived but a stone's throw apart and after the death of Levi Willard there came to reside with them an older brother of Mrs. Ward, one of the most notable personages in Lancaster during the Revolution. Clark Chandler was a dapper little bachelor p.381 about thirty-two years of age, eccentric in person, habits and dress. Among other oddities of apparel, he was partial to bright red small-clothes. His Tory principles and singularities called down upon him the jibes of the patriots among whom his lot was temporarily cast, but his ready tongue and caustic wit were sufficient weapons of defence. In 1774, as town clerk of Worcester he recorded a protest of forty-three royalist citizens against the resolutions of the patriotic majority. This record he was com- pelled in open town meeting to deface and when he failed to render it sufficiently illegible with the pen, his tormentors dipped his fingers into the ink and used them to perfect the obliteration. He fled to Halifax but after a few months returned and was thrown into Worcester jail. The reply to his petition for release is in Mass. Archives (clxiv, 205). "Colony of the Massachusetts Bay. By the major part of the Council of said Colony. Whereas Clark Chandler of Worcester has been con- fined in the Common Prison at Worcester for holding correspondence with the enemies of this Country and the said Clark having humbly petitioned for an enlargement and it having been made to appear that his health is grealty impaired & that the Publick will not be endangered by his having some enlargement, and Samuel Ward John Sprague Ezekiel Hull having given Bond to the Colony Treasurer in the penal sum of One Thousand Pounds for the said Clark's faithful performance of the order of Council for his said enlargement, the said Clark is hereby permitted to go to Lancaster when his health will permit and there to continue and not go out of limits of that Town, he in all Respects Conforming himself to the Condition in said Bond contained, and the Sheriff of said County of Worcester and all others are hereby directed to permit the said Clark to pass unmolested so long as he shall conform himself to the obligations aforementioned. Given under our Hands at ye Council Chambers in Watertown the 15 Day of December Anno Domini 1775. By their Honors Command James Prescott Cha Channey M. Farley Moses Gill J. Palmer Eldad Taylor B. White Wm Severs B. Greenleaf W. Spooner Caleb Cushing J. Winthrop John Whitcomb Jed Foster B. Lincoln Perez Morton, Deputy Secretary" The air of Lancaster which proved so salubrious to the pensioners of the British govern- ment before named, grew oppresive to this tory bachelor as we find by a lengthy petition in Massachusetts Archives (clxxiii, 546), wherein he begs for a wider range, and especially for leave to go to the sea-shore. A medical certificate accompanies it. "Lancaster, October 25, 177_. This is to inform whom it may Concern that Mr. Clark Chandler now residing in this Town is in such a Peculiar Bodily Indis- position as in my opinion renders it necessary for him to take a short Trip to the salt water in order to assist in recovering his Health. Josiah Wilder, Physician" He was allowed to visit Boston and to wander at will withing the bounds of Worcester County. He returned to Worcester and died there in 1804. Colonel Joseph Wilder, Jr. Joseph Wilder, Jr., colonel, and judge of the court of common pleas of Worcester County, as his father had been before him, was prominent among the signers of the address to General Gage. He apologized for his indiscretion and seems to have received no further attention from the Committee of Safety. In the extent of his possesions p.382 he rivaled Abijah Willard, having increased a generous inheritance by the profits of very extensive manufacture and export of pearlash and potash; an industry which he and his brother Caleb Wilder were the first to introduce into America. He was now nearly seventy years of age and died in the second year of the war. Joseph House Joseph House, at the evacuation of Boston, went with the army to Halifax. He was a house- holder, but possessed no considerable estate at Lancaster. In 1778 his name appears among the procribed and banished. Nashum Houghton The Lancaster committee of correspondence, July 17, 1775, published Nashum Houghton as "an unwearied pedlar of that baneful herb tea," and warned all patriots "to entirely shun his company and have no manner of dealings or connections with him except acts of common humanity." A special town meeting was called on June 30, 1777, chiefly "to act on a Resolve of the General Assembly respecting and securing this and other United States against the Danger to which they are Exposed by the Internal Enemies Thereof, and to elect some proper person to collect such evidence against such persons as shall be deemed by authority as dangerous persons to this and other United States of America." At this meeting Colonel Asa Whitcomb was chosen to collect evidence against suspected Loyalists - and voted as: "Dangerous Persons and Internal Enemies of this State" were: Moses Gerrish Daniel Allen Ezra Houghton John Moor Solomon Houghton On September 12 of the same year, apparently upon a report from Colonel Asa Whitcomb it was voted that the following "Stand on the Black List.": Thomas Grant James Carter Rev. Timothy Harrington It was also ordered that the selectmen "Return a List of these Dangerous Persons to the Clerk and he to the Justice of the Quorum as soon as may be." This action of the extremists seems to have aroused the more conservative citizens and another meeting was called on September 23rd for the purpose of reconsidering this ill- advised and arbitrary proscription at which meeting the clerk was instructed not to return the names of James Carter and the Rev. Timothy Harrington before the regular town meeting in November. Thomas Grant Thomas Grant was an old soldier, having served in the French and Indian War and, if a loyalist, probably condoned the offence by enlisting in the patriot army; his name is on the muster roll of the Rhode Island expedition in 1777 and in 1781 he was mustered into the service for three years. He was about fifty years of age and a poor man, for the town paid bills presented "for providing for Tom Grant's family." Moses Gerrish Enoch Gerrish Moses Gerrish was graduated at Harvard College in 1762 and reputed a man of considerable ability. Enoch Gerrish, perhaps a brother of Moses was a farmer in Lancaster who left his home, was arrested and imprisoned in York County and thence removed for trial to Worcester by order of the council May 29, 1778. The following letter uncomplimentary to these two Loyalists is found in Massachusetts Arvives (cxcix, 278). Groton July 12, 1778 To the Hon Jereh. Powel, Esq. "Sir. The two Gerrishes, Moses & Enoch, that were sometime since apprehended by warrant from the Council are now set at Libberty by reason of that Laws Expiring on which they were taken up. I would move to your Honours a new warrant might Issue, Directed to Doctor Silan Hoges to apprehend & confine them as I look upon them to be Dangerous persons to go at large. I am with respect your Honours, most obedient Humble Servant James Prescott" p.383 An order for their re-arrest was voted by the Council. Moses Gerrish finally received some position in the commissary department of the British army and, when peace was declared, obtained a grant of free tenancy on the Island of Grand Menan for seven years. At the expiration of that time, if a settlement of forty families with schoolmaster and minister should be established, the whole island was to become the freehold of the colonists. Associated with Gerrish in this project was Thomas Ross of Lancaster. They failed in obtaining the requisite number of settlers but continued to reside upon the island and there Moses Gerrish died at an advanced age. Solomon Houghton Solomon Houghton, a Lancaster farmer in comfortable circumstances, fearing the inquisition of the patriot committee, fled from his home. In 1779 the judge of probabe for Worcester County apointed commissioners to care for his confiscated estate. Ezra Houghton Ezra Houghton, a prosperous farmer, and recently apointed justice of the peace, affixed his name to the address to General Gage in 1775, and to the recantation. In May 1777 he was imprisoned under charge of counterfeiting the bills of public credit and aiding the enemy. In November following he petitioned to be admitted to bail (see Massachusetts Archives (ccxvi, 129), and his request was favorably received, his bail bond being set at two thousand pounds. Joseph Moore Joseph Moore was one of the six slave-owners of Lancaster, Mass., in 1771, possibly possessed a farm and a mill and was ranked, "gentleman". On September 20, 1777, being confined in Worcester jail, he petitioned for enlargement, claiming his innocence of the charges for which his name had been put upon Lancaster's Black List. His petition met no favor and his estate was duly confiscated (see Massachusetts Archives, (clxxiii, 160). James Carter & Daniel Allen stricken from Black List At the town meeting on the first Monday in November, 1777, the names of James Carter and Daniel Allen were stricken from the Black List, apparently without opposition. Reverend Timothy Harrington That the Reverend Timothy Harrington, Lancaster's prudent and much beloved minister, should be denounced as an enemy of his country and his name even placed temporarily among those of "dangerous persons,' exhibits the bitterness of partisanship at that date. This town meeting prosecution was ostensibly based upon certain incautious expressions of opinion but appears really to have been inspired by the spite of the Whitcombs and others, whose enmity had been aroused by his conservative action several years before in the church troubles known as "the Goss and Walley war," in the neighboring town of Bolton, Mass. The Rev. Thomas Goss of Bolton, Ebenezer Morse of Boylston and Andrew Whitney of Petersham, were classmates of Mr. Harrington in the Harvard class of 1737 and all of them were opposed to the revolution of the colonies. The disaffection, which, ignoring the action of an ecclesiastical council, pushed Mr. Goss from his pulpit, arose more from the political ferment of the day than from any advanced views of his oponents respecting the abuse of alcoholic stimulants. For nearly forty years Mr. Harrington had perhas never omitted from his fervent prayers in public assemblies the form of supplication for divine blessing upon the sovereign ruler of Great Britian. To be continued, part 3 of 3 p. 384 Transcribed by Janice Farnsworth Subject: The Loyalists of Lancaster, Massachusetts by Henry S. Nourse Source: The Bay State Monthly - Vol 1 Issue 6 pub. June 1884, John N. McClintock & Co. Boston Pages 377 to 386. Part 3 of 3 p.384 Reverend Harrington cont'd It is not strange, although he had yielded reluctant submission to the new order of things, and was anxiously striving to perform his clerical duties without offense to any of his flock, that his lips should sometimes lapse into the wonted formula, "bless our good King George." It is related that on occasions of such inadvertence, he, without embarrassing pause, added: "Thou knowest O Lord! We mean George Washington." In the records of the town clerk nothing is told of the nature of the charges against Rev. Harrington or the manner of his defence. Two deacons were sent as messengers to "inform the Rev. Timothy Harrington that he has something in agitation Now to be heard in this meeting at which he has Liberty to attend." Joseph Willard, Esq., in 1826, recording probably the reminiscence of someone present at the dramatic scene, says that when the venerable clergyman confronted his accusers, baring his breast, he exclamed with the language of feeling of outraged virtue: "Strike, strike here with your daggers" I am a true friend to my country!" p.385 It is needless to say that the Reverend Harrington's name was erased from the Black List and to the credit of his people be it said, he was treated with increased consideration and honor during the following eighteen years that he lived to serve them. In the deliberations of the Lancaster town meeting, as in those of the Continental Congress, broad views of National Independence based upon civil and religious liberty, finally prevailed over sectional prejudice and intolerance. The Loyalist pastor was a far better republican than his radical inquisitors. Since the paper upon Lancaster was published by the Bay State Monthly for April 1st, I have been favored with the perusal of Captain Abijah Willard's "Orderly Book," through the courtesy of its possessor, Robert Willard, M.D. of Boston, who found it among the historical collections of his father, Joseph Willard, Esq. The volume contains, besides other interesting matter, a concise diary of experiences during the military expedition of 1755 in Nova Scotia; from which it appears that the Lancaster company was prominently engaged in the capture of Forts Lawrence and Beau Sejour. Captain Willard, though not at Grand Pre was placed in command of a detachment which carried desolation through the villages to the westward of the Bay of Minas; and the diary affords evidence that this warfare against the defenceless peasantry was revolting to that gallant officer; and that, while obedient to his positive orders, he tempered the cruelty of military necessity with his own humanity. The following names of his subalterns, not given in the list from General Winslow's Journal are found to be: Joshua Willard, Lieutenant Moses Haskell Caleb Willard, Ensign Of the Lancaster men, Sergeant James Houghton died and William Hudson was killed in Nova Scotia. The diary is well worthy of being printed complete. [signed] Henry S. Nourse. Transcribed by Janice Farnsworth LOYALISTS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION by Lorenzo Sabine. Continued. Abel Willard of Massachusetts. He graduated at Harvard University in 1751. In 1774 he was one of the p.431 WILLARD. barristers and attorneys who were Addressers of Hutchinson. In 1776, he accompanied the Royal Army to Halifax. In 1778 he was proscribed and banished. He died in England in 1781. Eliza, his widow, the dau. of Rev. Daniel Rogers, died at Boston in 1815. Levi Willard of Lancaster, Massachusetts. Graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1775 and went to England. He returned in 1785 and died in 1790. p.434 John Williams, Inspector General of the Customs, resided at Boston. When Hancock's sloop was seized, in 1768, the mob broke several windows of his house, which was near the common. John Adams said he was as sly, secret, and cunning a fellows as need be; that he affected to speak slightly of the Commissioners of the Customs, and insinuated that his own connections and interest in England were greater than theirs. Job Williams of Boston. The leader of the band who, armed with axes and other weapons, proceeded to the famous "Liberty Tree," and cut it down. He embarked for Halifax with the Royal Army in 1776. John williams of Deerfield, Mass. Graduated at Harvard University in 1769. He was arrested and put under bond by the Governor and Council in 1781 for his course during the war, and held for trial by the Supreme Court at Springfield. The Attorney- General received neither papers nor evidence, and no prosecution was instituted, as appears from an official source. In 1783 he was elected to the General Court; and after taking his seat, a committee was appointed to inquire into his political character. Expulsion followed, by a vote of sixty to forty-three. In 1785 he was elected again, when his right was contested a second time. In the inquiry then, the testimony that when arraigned the previous year, he plead the benefit of the sixth article of the treaty of peace and was discharged. The House held that the action of the Supreme Court barred further proceedings, and retained him as a member. Later in life he was a member of the Senate and of the Council. He was zealous and efficient "in forwarding plans of public improvement." He died in 1816, and in his Will gave about ten thousand dollars to the Deerfield Academy. Seth Williams of Taunton, Mass. He grad. at Harvard Univ. in 1765. In 1776 he went to Halifax; thence to England, and was in London in 1779, a member of the Loyalist Assoc. formed there, and an Addresser of the King. He died at London prior to 1791. Elijah Williams. Attorney-at-law, of Deerfield, Mass. Graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1764. He entered the British Army soon after the affair at Lexington, and was pro- scribed under the Act of 1778. He returned in 1784 and received half-pay during life. He died in 1793, aged forty-seven years. William Williams of Pittsfield, Mass. He graduated at Harvard Univ. in 1729. In 1771 he was a member of the House of Representatives and Hutchinson speaks of him as one of the Government members, "who, in common times, would have had great weight," but who, overborne by the superior numbers of the Whigs, were inactive. Mr. Williams was subsequently an officer in the military service of the Crown. He died in 1784, aged eighty-three years. to be continued Transcribed by Janice Farnsworth